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[Enhanced Credo edition] |
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1 online resource (124 entries) : 237 images ; digital files. |
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text rdacontent |
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still image rdacontent |
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electronic isbdmedia |
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online resource rdacarrier |
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Includes bibliographical references. |
| Contents |
Section I. Introduction. What Is Evolution? -- 1. What is evolution? -- 2. Evolution: Pattern versus process -- 3. Evolution: More than changes in the gene pool -- 4. In the light of evolution -- 5. Critiques and the evidence for evolution -- 6. The pace of evolution -- 7. Evolution, humans, and society -- The History of Evolutionary Thought -- 1. Species and the origins of diversity in the ancient world -- 2. The eighteenth century and ideas of the transmutation of species -- 3. The rise of natural history -- 4. The development of geology in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries -- 5. Ideas of transmutation of species before Darwin -- 6. Charles Darwin and On the Origin of Species (1809-1859) -- 7. Post-Darwinian controversies and the eclipse of Darwinism, 1890-1920 -- 8. Heredity and evolution: Mendelism, Darwinism, and the evolutionary synthesis -- 9. Evolutionary theory in the era of molecular biology -- The Evidence for Evolution -- 1. The fossil record -- 2. Comparative biology -- 3. Biogeography -- 4. Evolution in action -- 5. Evolution as fact and theory -- From DNA to Phenotypes -- 1. What is a gene? -- 2. Descriptions of genetic variation -- 3. A multiplicity of forms of inheritance -- |
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Section II. Phylogenetics and the History of Life. Preface -- Interpretation of Phylogenetic Trees -- 1. Introduction to phylogenetic trees -- 2. Misreading trees with species-poor lineages -- 3. Reading trees correctly: Ancestral state reconstruction -- 4. Understanding the process of evolution: We are all cousins -- Phylogenetic Inference -- 1. Logical and statistical inference -- 2. The parsimony approach -- 3. Likelihood-based approaches -- 4. Distance-based approaches -- 5. Computational aspects of tree estimation -- 6. Statistical support for clades -- 7. Bayesian inference -- Molecular Clock Dating -- 1. The molecular evolutionary clock -- 2. Molecular clock dating -- 3. Testing the molecular clock -- 4. Statistical methods for divergence time estimation -- 5. Maximum likelihood estimation of divergence times -- 6. Bayesian estimation of divergence times -- 7. Fossil calibrations -- 8. Relaxed clocks and prior model of rate drift -- 9. Perspectives -- Historical Biogeography -- 1. Early developments -- 2. Cladistic biogeography -- 3. Inferring ancestral areas -- 4. A fresh look at old patterns -- 5. Beyond the standoff -- Phylogeography -- 1. Direct interpretation of single-locus gene genealogies -- 2. Comparative phylogeography -- 3. Lineage sorting and the coalescent -- 4. Multilocus gene genealogies -- 5. Testing models of population history -- Concepts in Character Macroevolution: Adaptation, Homology, and Evolvability -- 1. Darwinism and character variation -- 2. Evolutionary analysis of character homology -- 3. Testing hypotheses of character adaptation -- 4. Character evolvability -- Using Phylogenies to Study Phenotypic Evolution: Comparative Methods and Tests of Adaptation -- 1. Phylogeny and the comparative method -- 2. Ancestral state reconstruction -- 3. Model-based inferences of trait evolution -- 4. Analysis of multiple traits: Correlated evolution and phylogenetic tests of adaptation -- 5. Trait evolution and lineage diversification -- 6. Accuracy and confidence in ancestral inferences -- 7. Future directions for comparative methods -- Taxonomy in a Phylogenetic Framework -- 1. Taxonomy in historical context -- 2. Incorporating an evolutionary perspective -- 3. Species in a phylogenetic framework -- 4. Concerns about and misunderstanding of phylogenetic nomenclature -- 5. The future of phylogenetic nomenclature -- The Fossil Record -- 1. Fossilization and taphonomy -- 2. The nature of the fossil record -- 3. Marine diversity in the Phanerozoic -- 4. The value of the fossil record -- The Origin of Life -- 1. Defining life in evolutionary terms -- 2. Plausible sites for the origin of life -- 3. Conditions required for life's origin -- 4. Self-assembly of boundary membranes and compartments -- 5. Prebiotic polymerization reactions -- 6. How could evolution begin? -- 7. Evolution in the laboratory -- Evolution in the Prokaryotic Grade -- 1. What is a prokaryote? -- 2. Archaea and Bacteria -- 3. Rooting the tree of life -- 4. Symbiosis, syntrophy, and eukaryotic origins -- 5. Horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of prokaryotes -- 6. Darwin's coral of life -- 7. Biased gene transfer -- 8. Sex, recombination, and procreation -- 9. Transfer of genes within and between groups -- 10. Biochemical innovation as a result of horizontal gene transfer -- Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes -- 1. Origin of eukaryotes -- 2. Timing of the origin and diversification of eukaryotes -- 3. A brief history of eukaryotic classification -- 4. Major clades of eukaryotes -- 5. Distribution of photosynthesis in eukaryotes -- 6. Extant symbioses -- 7. Genome diversity in microbial eukaryotes -- 8. Origins of multicellularity -- Major Events in the Evolution of Land Plants -- 1. Phylogenetic framework -- 2. Origin and diversification of early land plants -- 3. Origin and diversification of vascular plants -- 4. Origin and diversification of seed plants -- 5. Origin and diversification of angiosperms -- 6. Innovation in the land plant body -- 7. Innovation in land plant reproduction -- 8. Coevolution with animals -- 9. Patterns of extinction -- Major Events in the Evolution of Fungi -- 1. Fungi in the tree of life -- 2. Losses of flagella and diversity of the basal fungal lineages -- 3. Evolution of the dikaryon and multicellular fruiting bodies -- 4. Evolution of decayers and plant pathogens -- 5. Evolution of mycorrhizae, lichens, and endophytes -- 6. Evolution of animal pathogens and mutualists -- 7. The age of Fungi -- Origin and Early Evolution of Animals -- 1. The Cambrian explosion and the origin of animal phyla -- 2. Animal phylogeny -- 3. Multicellularity and the origin of sponges (phylum Porifera) -- 4. The origin of the nervous system and the evolution of sensory structures in Cnidaria -- 5. The origins of Bilateria and the phylogenetic placement of Ctenophora, Acoela, Myxozoa, and Placozoa -- 6. Animal diversity -- Major Events in the Evolution of Arthropods -- 1. Arthropod origins -- 2. Phylogenetic framework -- 3. Colonization of land -- 4. Evolution of flight -- 5. Complete metamorphosis -- 6. Life history specializations -- Major Features of Tetrapod Evolution -- 1. Tetrapod ancestry -- 2. The fish-tetrapod transition -- 3. Amniote origins -- 4. Synapsids -- 5. Diapsids: Lepidosaurs and their relatives -- 6. Diapsids: Archosaurs -- Human Evolution -- 1. Origin of the hominins -- 2. Early Homo -- 3. Neanderthals and the origin of modern humans -- 4. Recent human evolution -- |
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Section III. Natural Selection and Adaptation. Natural Selection, Adaptation, and Fitness: Overview -- 1. Natural selection explains adaptation -- 2. Concepts are tools -- 3. Definitions and complications -- 4. Fitness and units of selection -- 5. Connecting selection to fitness in hierarchies -- 6. Polished adaptations or rough history -- 7. Adaptationist storytelling -- 8. How to recognize selection and adaptation -- 9. Can we do without these concepts? Absolutely not. -- Units and Levels of Selection -- 1. The group selection controversy -- 2. Kin selection, inclusive fitness, and the gene's-eye view -- 3. Species selection -- 4. Major evolutionary transitions -- Theory of Selection in Populations -- 1. An example of natural selection -- 2. Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection -- 3. Patterns of selection -- 4. Components of selection -- 5. Maintenance of polymorphism -- 6. Selection and other processes -- 7. Synthesis and conclusions -- Kin Selection and Inclusive Fitness -- 1. The problem of altruism -- 2. Inclusive fitness and Hamilton's rule -- 3. Kinds of social selection -- 4. Comparative evidence in social insects -- 5. Experimental evidence in microbes -- 6. Kin recognition -- 7. Challenges to kin selection -- Phenotypic Selection on Quantitative Traits -- 1. How selection works -- 2. Selection is a statistical process -- 3. The genetic response to selection -- 4. Modes of selection -- 5. The multidimensional phenotype -- 6. Indirect selection and misleading covariances -- 7. Genetic correlations and correlated response to selection -- Responses to Selection: Experimental Populations -- 1. Will adaptation evolve? -- 2. How fast will adaptation evolve? -- 3. Does sex accelerate adaptation? -- 4. Is adaptation gradual or saltational? -- 5. What is the limit to adaptation? -- 6. Is adaptation based on gain or loss of function? -- 7. Is adaptation repeatable? -- 8. Is adaptation predictable? -- 9. Is adaptation reversible? -- 10. How do ancestry, selection, and chance contribute to adaptation? -- 11. How can selection maintain diversity? -- 12. What limits the extent of specialization? -- Responses to Selection: Natural Populations -- 1. Measuring selection in natural populations -- 2. Strength and patterns of phenotypic selection -- 3. Microevolution in natural populations -- 4. Local adaptation and population divergence -- 5. Limits to selection and evolutionary responses -- Evolutionary Limits and Constraints -- 1. Lack of genetic variation as a limit and constraint -- 2. Trade-offs -- 3. Multivariate selection -- 4. Gene flow in marginal populations limiting range expansion -- 5. Limits and constraints: biodiversity and conservation -- Evolution of Modifier Genes and Biological Systems -- 1. Evolution of biological systems -- 2. Evolution of dominance -- 3. Direct versus indirect selection -- 4. The evolution of genetic transmission -- 5. The evolution of the mutation rate -- 6. The evolution of sex and recombination -- 7. The evolution of haploidy versus diploidy -- 8. On evolution and optimization -- Evolution of Reaction Norms -- 1. Two major features of the genotype-phenotype map -- 2. Induced responses: Examples of adaptive plasticity -- 3. Robust traits: Examples of canalization -- 4. Reaction norms: Phenotypic plasticity and canalization -- 5. The evolutionary significance of plasticity and canalization -- 6. The Baldwin effect and genetic assimilation -- Evolution of Life Histories -- 1. What is the life history and why is it of interest? -- 2. The theory of life history evolution: A sampler -- 3. Other aspects of life history evolution -- 4. What have we learned? -- 5. Future research -- Evolution of Form and Function -- 1. Form and function in organismal design -- 2. Measuring the evolution of form and function -- 3. Key features of life's functional systems: Multi-functionality, genes, and complexity -- 4. General principles of the evolution of complex functional systems -- Biochemical and Physiological Adaptations -- 1. Physiological diversity -- 2. How do we know that physiological variation is adaptive? -- 3. Biochemical mechanisms inform models of physiological adaptation -- 4. Adaptive variation in tolerance -- 5. Adaptive variation in regulation -- 6. Adaptive acclimation -- 7. Constraints on physiological adaptation -- 8. Implications for global change biology -- Evolution of the Ecological Niche -- 1. Natural history, niches, and evolution -- 2. What is an ecological "niche"? -- 3. Complexities in the niche concept -- 4. The issue of genetic variation in niches -- 5. Demographic constraints on niche evolution -- 6. Niches evolving in communities -- Adaptation to the Biotic Environment -- 1. Defining adaptation to the biotic environment -- 2. Differences between adaptation to biotic versus abiotic environments -- 3. Factors that influence adaptation to the biotic environment, and our ability to detect them -- 4. Conflicting selection and community complexity complicate detection of biotic adaptation -- 5. Lessons from introduced species -- 6. Changing relative abundances of species may alter selection from the biotic environment -- |
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Section IV. Evolutionary Processes. Genetic Drift -- 1. Genetic drift -- 2. Effective population size -- 3. Neutral theory -- 4. Coalescence -- 5. Future directions -- Mutation -- 1. The meaning of mutation -- 2. Types of mutations -- 3. Causes of mutation -- 4. Mutation and evolution: Basic principles -- 5. How random is mutation? -- 6. Variation in mutation rate: Among taxa -- 7. Variation in mutation rate: Within the genome -- 8. The mutational spectrum and mutational bias -- 9. Mutation, genome size, and genomic complexity -- 10. Mutation and extinction -- 11. Mutation and evolution: Other long-term consequences -- Geographic Variation, Population Structure, and Migration -- 1. The causes of spatial structure in genetic diversity -- 2. Individuals and their genes move around -- 3. Gene flow shapes patterns of spatial genetic structure -- 4. Evolution in spatially structured populations -- 5. Implications for conservation -- Recombination and Sex -- 1. Molecular recombination -- 2. Rates of recombination -- 3. Linkage disequilibrium -- 4. What generates linkage disequilibria? -- 5. Recombination facilitates selection -- Genetic Load -- 1. Genetic load -- 2. Mutation load -- 3. Other types of load -- 4. Consequences of load -- Inbreeding -- 1. Inbreeding -- 2. Measuring the degree of inbreeding -- 3. Measuring inbreeding coefficients and rates of self-fertilization and other inbreeding -- 4. Long- and short-term consequences of inbreeding -- 5. Consequences of inbreeding for molecular evolution and genome evolution -- 6. Inbreeding depression, heterosis, and purging -- Selfish Genetic Elements and Genetic Conflict -- 1. What are selfish genetic elements? -- 2. Diversity of selfish genetic elements -- 3. Selfish genetic elements and genome evolution -- 4. Selfish genetic elements and population variation -- 5. Selfish genetic elements and speciation -- 6. Applied uses of selfish genetic elements -- Evolution of Mating Systems: Outcrossing versus Selfing -- 1. Definitions and measurement -- 2. Variation in mating patterns -- 3. Evolution of self-fertilization -- 4. Mechanisms of selection -- 5. The problem of mixed mating -- 6. Evolutionary history -- |
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Section V. Genes, Genomes, Phenotypes. Molecular Evolution -- 1. What is molecular evolution and why does it occur? -- 2. Origins of molecular evolution, the molecular clock, and the neutral theory -- 3. Predictions of the neutral theory for variation within and between species -- 4. The impact of natural selection on molecular variation and evolution -- 5. Biological insights from the study of molecular evolution -- 6. Conclusions -- Genome Evolution -- 1. Evolution of genome architecture -- 2. Genome expansion and restructuring -- 3. Drivers of genome evolution -- Comparative Genomics -- 1. Comparative genomics and genome evolution -- 2. Evolution of gene number -- 3. Identifying regulatory regions -- 4. Copy number variation -- 5. Rapidly evolving regions -- 6. Ultraconserved elements -- 7. The future of comparative genomics -- Evolution of Sex Chromosomes -- 1. Origin of sex chromosomes -- 2. Y (W)-chromosome degeneration -- 3. Dosage compensation of the X -- 4. Gene content evolution of sex chromosomes -- 5. Diversity of sex determination -- Gene Duplication -- 1. Mechanisms of gene duplication -- 2. Fixation of duplicate genes -- 3. Pseudogenization after duplication -- 4. Stable retention of duplicate genes -- 5. Rate of gene duplication -- 6. Determinants of gene duplicability -- 7. Functional redundancy among duplicate genes -- 8. Functional diversification of duplicate genes -- 9. Future directions in the study of gene duplication -- Evolution of New Genes -- 1. Mutational mechanisms to generate new genes -- 2. Rates of new gene origination -- 3. Patterns of new gene evolution -- 4. Evolutionary forces acting on new genes -- 5. Functions and phenotypic effects of new genes -- Evolution of Gene Expression -- 1. The importance of regulatory evolution: A historical perspective -- 2. Finding expression differences within and between species -- 3. Genomic sources of regulatory evolution -- 4. Enhancer evolution -- 5. Evolution of transcription factors and transcription factor binding -- 6. Evolutionary forces responsible for expression divergence -- Epigenetics -- 1. The concept of epigenetics -- 2. The history of epigenetics -- 3. Epigenetics and gene regulation -- 4. Molecular epigenetics -- 5. Epigenetic processes -- 6. Transgenerational epigenetic effects -- 7. Lamarckism and neo-Lamarckism -- 8. Epigenetics and evolution -- 9. Plasticity and assimilation -- 10. Epilogue -- Evolution of Molecular Networks -- 1. Network representations of biological data -- 2. Global organization of biological networks -- 3. Evolution of global network organization -- 4. Local organization and dynamics of biological networks -- 5. Evolution of local network organization -- 6. The future of evolutionary systems biology -- Evolution and Development: Organisms -- 1. Evolution of form and function -- 2. The rise of evolutionary developmental biology -- 3. Evolutionary constraints and patterns of allometry -- 4. Patterns of parallel evolution -- 5. The paradox of morphological stasis -- 6. Opportunities for future research -- Evolution and Development: Molecules -- 1. The goals of molecular studies in evolutionary developmental biology -- 2. Mapping genotype to phenotype during development -- 3. Mapping genotype to phenotype during evolution -- 4. The evolution of novel traits and their underlying gene regulatory networks -- 5. Future areas of research in evolutionary developmental biology -- Genetics of Phenotypic Evolution -- 1. Genetic architecture of phenotypic evolution -- 2. Molecular basis of phenotypic evolution -- 3. Using genotypes to test whether phenotypes are adaptive -- 4. Genetic basis of repeated phenotypic evolution -- 5. Prospects for future research -- Dissection of Complex Trait Evolution -- 1. Genetic variation in complex traits -- 2. Using laboratory crosses to map the mutations responsible for phenotypic evolution -- 3. Using association testing to map the mutations responsible for phenotypic evolution -- 4. Current challenges and prospects for future research -- Searching for Adaptation in the Genome -- 1. Evolution as mutation and change in allele frequencies -- 2. The neutral theory of molecular evolution -- 3. The McDonald-Kreitman test -- 4. Population genomics approaches for detecting and quantifying adaptation -- 5. Remaining challenges -- Ancient DNA -- 1. Beginnings -- 2. The importance of being clean -- 3. Name that bone: Inserting extinct species into molecular phylogenies -- 4. Ancient population genetics and phylogeography -- 5. Ancient genomics -- 6. The future of ancient DNA -- |
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Section VI. Speciation and Macroevolution. Species and Speciation -- 1. Species concepts and definitions -- 2. Speciation as the evolution of intrinsic barriers to gene exchange -- 3. Classifying barriers to gene exchange -- 4. Studying speciation -- Speciation Patterns -- 1. Testing the nature of species -- 2. Speciation patterns in sexual eukaryotes -- 3. Speciation patterns in asexuals -- 4. Speciation patterns in prokaryotes -- 5. Speciation and global diversity patterns -- 6. Linking patterns with process -- Geography, Range Evolution, and Speciation -- 1. Geographic patterns of species and speciation -- 2. The geography of speciation -- 3. Island patterns and their implications -- 4. Speciation and area -- 5. Geographic and geological triggers of speciation -- 6. Challenges and prospects -- Speciation and Natural Selection -- 1. Types of natural selection contributing to reproductive isolation -- 2. Types of reproductive barriers and the effect of selection on their evolution -- 3. Considerations when studying natural selection and speciation -- 4. Reinforcement -- 5. Future directions -- Speciation and Sexual Selection -- 1. Can sexual selection generate diversity? -- 2. Patterns of speciation by sexual selection -- 3. The mechanisms of sexual selection that cause speciation -- 4. Sexual selection and postmating isolation -- Gene Flow, Hybridization, and Speciation -- 1. Gene flow leads to species cohesion -- 2. Gene flow and the origin of species -- 3. Hybridization: A common phenomenon -- 4. Evolutionary outcomes of hybridization -- 5. How to think about species in the context of gene flow and hybridization -- Coevolution and Speciation -- 1. Coevolution and the divergence of species interactions -- 2. Speciation with character displacement -- 3. Predators, parasites, and diversification -- 4. Mutualistic networks and speciation -- 5. Coevolved symbionts and speciation -- 6. Escape-and-radiate coevolution -- 7. Cospeciation -- 8. Conclusions -- Genetics of Speciation -- 1. Genetics of prezygotic isolation -- 2. Genetics of postzygotic isolation -- 3. Summary -- Speciation and Genome Evolution -- 1. From beanbags to genomes -- 2. Geography and gene flow -- 3. Primary versus secondary geographic contact -- 4. Selection-recombination antagonism and genomic heterogeneity -- 5. Empirical data and patterns -- 6. Chromosomal rearrangements and speciation -- 7. Polyploidy and speciation -- 8. Sex chromosomes and speciation -- Adaptive Radiation -- 1. Biodiversity -- 2. Origin and development of the concept -- 3. The ecological theory -- 4. Speciation -- 5. Ecological opportunity -- 6. Species interactions -- 7. Intrinsic factors: Key innovations -- 8. Hybridization -- 9. Testing the ideas -- 10.Future prospects -- Macroevolutionary Rates -- 1. How fast is evolution? -- 2. Rates of speciation and extinction -- 3. Rates of trait evolution -- 4. Are there relationships between rates of trait evolution and diversification? -- Macroevolutionary Trends -- 1. Directionality in evolution -- 2. The scope of trends -- 3. Trend mechanisms -- 4. Examples of trend hypotheses -- Causes and Consequences of Extinction -- 1. Species extinction -- 2. Some definitions: Extinction styles and magnitudes -- 3. Mass extinctions -- 4. Declining extinction risk and resetting the clock -- 5. Extinction and the drivers of macroevolution -- Species Selection -- 1. Concepts and consequences -- 2. History and controversy -- 3. Empirical tests -- Key Evolutionary Innovations -- 1. Key innovation concepts in evolutionary biology -- 2. Where do key evolutionary innovations originate? -- 3. How do key innovations lead to evolutionary diversity? -- 4. Testing hypotheses of key innovation -- 5. Problems with the idea of key innovations -- Evolution of Communities -- 1. What are communities? -- 2. Microevolutionary change and community evolution -- 3. Macroevolutionary change and community evolution -- 4. Geography of speciation and extinction -- |
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Section VII. Evolution of Behavior, Society, and Humans. Genes, Brains, and Behavior -- 1. Genes and behavior -- 2. Nature versus nurture -- 3. What is a behavioral gene? -- 4. Analyzing behavior: Natural variations versus mutations -- 5. Genomes and systems genetics -- 6. The future of behavioral genetics: The behavioral epigenome -- Evolution of Hormones and Behavior -- 1. Hormonal mechanisms and phenotypic variation -- 2. Hormones and phenotypic integration -- 3. Hormones and microevolution -- 4. Hormones and macroevolution -- 5. Summary and future directions -- Game Theory and Behavior -- 1. The basic ideas -- 2. Examples -- 3. Issues for consideration -- 4. Applications -- 5. Future directions -- Sexual Selection and Its Impact on Mating Systems -- 1. What are mating systems and why are they important? -- 2. Measures of mating systems -- 3. Plastic, continuous mating systems and the evolution of behavior -- 4. Mating systems and evolutionary potential -- 5. Applied relevance of the study of the evolution of mating systems -- Sexual Selection: Male-Male Competition -- 1. Why are males most often the competing sex and females the choosy sex? -- 2. The processes of sexual selection -- 3. Male-male competition in the big and small -- 4. Weapon evolution -- 5. Additional forms of male-male competition -- 6. Male-male competition in plants -- 7. Total sexual selection -- 8. Sexual selection and ecological context -- Sexual Selection: Mate Choice -- 1. Why does mate choice fascinate evolutionary biologists? -- 2. What counts as mate choice? -- 3. Choosiness lowers the breeding rate, and there are other costs -- 4. The rewards of being choosy -- 5. Why do the sexes differ in choosiness? -- Evolution of Communication -- 1. Elements of animal communication -- 2. What communication is -- 3. How does communication originate and how does it evolve? -- 4. Evolutionary trajectories: Four examples -- 5. On the reliability of animal communication -- Evolution of Parental Care -- 1. Natural diversity in forms of parental care -- 2. Origin and evolution of parental care -- 3. Evolutionary maintenance of parental care -- 4. Genetics and epigenetics of parental care -- 5. Sociality beyond family -- Cooperation and Conflict: Microbes to Humans -- 1. What is cooperation and why is it so important? -- 2. Fraternal and egalitarian cooperation -- 3. Fraternal cooperation is explained by kin selection -- 4. Egalitarian cooperation requires direct benefits -- 5. Conflict and control of conflict in fraternal cooperative systems -- 6. Conflict and control of conflict in egalitarian cooperative systems -- 7. Organismality results from high cooperation and low conflict -- Cooperative Breeding -- 1. Ecology and evolution of cooperative breeding -- 2. The evolution of helping -- 3. Individual differences in helping behavior -- 4. Reproductive conflict -- Human Behavioral Ecology -- 1. Development of human behavioral ecology -- 2. Problems and criticism -- 3. New focus on evolution in the modern societies -- 4. What can human behavioral ecology contribute to the general study of evolution? -- Evolutionary Psychology -- 1. The Darwinian background for evolutionary psychology -- 2. The modern-day program of evolutionary psychology -- 3. Psychological evidence -- 4. The application of evolutionary models in evolutionary psychology -- 5. Evolutionary alternatives -- Evolution of Eusociality -- 1. Eusociality: A highly integrated form of social organization -- 2. What drives eusociality? -- 3. Working together -- 4. Intragroup conflicts and their resolution -- Cognition: Phylogeny, Adaptation, and By-Products -- 1. What are we measuring? -- 2. The space of possibilities -- 3. Novel possibilities and unanticipated outcomes -- 4. Evolving limitless options -- Evolution of Apparently Nonadaptive Behavior -- 1. What is apparently nonadaptive behavior? -- 2. Behavior as a transaction -- 3. Random mutation versus adaptation: Cannibalism -- 4. Manipulation: Imposter birds and zombie snails -- 5. Evolution does not equal perfection: Sexual cannibalism -- 6. Same-sex sexual behavior: A case study -- 7. Insights from apparently nonadaptive behavior -- Aging and Menopause -- 1. A natural history of aging -- 2. Theories for the evolution of aging -- 3. Menopause -- 4. Pressing questions on the evolution of aging -- |
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Section VIII. Evolution and Modern Society. Evolutionary Medicine -- 1. Evolution and medicine -- 2. Pathogens -- 3. Defense mechanisms -- 4. Trade-offs in human traits -- 5. Mismatches to modernity -- 6. Implications of evolutionary medicine -- Evolution of Parasite Virulence -- 1. Defining virulence -- 2. The phase model of virulence -- 3. The trade-off model -- 4. Vertically transmitted parasites -- 5. How well do optimality models predict virulence? -- Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance -- 1. A medical miracle - and how to ruin it -- 2. Origins of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistance mechanisms -- 3. Transmission of resistant bacteria -- 4. Persistence and reversibility of resistance -- 5. Can resistance evolution be slowed or even stopped? -- 6. Will antibiotics become a footnote to medical history? -- Evolution and Microbial Forensics -- 1. Evolutionary thinking, molecular epidemiology, and microbial forensics -- 2. The uses of DNA in human and microbial forensics -- 3. Genetic technology and the significance of a match -- 4. The Kameido Aum Shinrikyo anthrax release -- 5. The Ames strain and the 2001 anthrax letters -- 6. From molecular epidemiology to microbial forensics and back -- Domestication and the Evolution of Agriculture -- 1. Domestication -- 2. Evolution under domestication -- 3. Agriculture as a mutualism -- 4. Agriculture in ants -- 5. Conclusions -- Evolution and Conservation -- 1. Evolution, genetics, and conservation -- 2. Process versus pattern and why both matter -- 3. The enemies to watch out for -- 4. What genomics brings to the table -- 5. Concluding thoughts and prospectus -- Directed Evolution -- 1. Directed evolution of nucleic acids -- 2. Directed evolution of proteins -- 3. Directed evolution of cells -- 4. The future of directed evolution -- Evolution and Computing -- 1. Unexpected links and shared principles -- 2. How evolutionary biology joined forces with computer science -- 3. How evolutionary computation is helping evolutionary biology -- 4. Evolutionary computation takes off -- 5. The future of evolution and computing -- Linguistics and the Evolution of Human Language -- 1. What is language? -- 2. When did language evolve? -- 3. Why did language evolve? -- 4. The evolution of human languages -- 5. Languages adapt to speakers -- 6. The future of language evolution -- Cultural Evolution -- 1. What cultural evolution is not -- 2. Memetics -- 3. Cultural evolution -- 4. Nonhuman animal cultural evolution -- 5. Defining culture -- Evolution and Notions of Human Race -- 1. The biological meaning of race -- 2. Do biological races exist in chimpanzees? -- 3. Do biological races exist in humans? -- 4. Do adaptive traits define human races? -- 5. Do human races exist: The answer -- The Future of Human Evolution -- 1. Can we predict how humans will evolve? -- 2. Has human evolution stopped? -- 3. Future nonadaptive evolution -- 4. Future adaptive evolution -- 5. Eugenics and genetic engineering -- Evolution and Religion -- 1. Natural theology and the Bridgewater Treatises -- 2. Darwin's revolution -- 3. Evolution and the Bible -- 4. The problem of evil -- 5. Evolution: Imperfect design, not intelligent design -- 6. Evolution and religion: Coda -- Creationism and Intelligent Design -- 1. What kind of creationist? -- 2. The creation-evolution continuum -- 3. Intelligent design -- 4. What does the future hold? -- Evolution and the Media -- 1. Evolution and the birth of modern science communication -- 2. Evolution and creationism: The dangers of false balance -- 3. Evolution and the rise of new media -- 4. The Darwinius affair: A cautionary tale -- 5. Conclusion. |
| Access |
Access restricted to authorized users and institutions. |
| Summary |
The Princeton Guide to Evolution is a comprehensive, concise, and authoritative reference to the major subjects and key concepts in evolutionary biology, from genes to mass extinctions. |
| System Details |
Mode of access: World Wide Web. |
| Note |
Description based on title page of print version. |
| Subject |
Evolution (Biology)
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| Genre/Form |
Electronic books.
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| Added Author |
Losos, Jonathan B., editor.
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Credo Reference (Firm), distributor.
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| Added Title |
Guide to evolution. |
| Other Form: |
Print version: 0691149771 9780691149776 (DLC) 2013022360 xiii, 853 pages, 7 plates : color illustrations |
| ISBN |
9781784026660 electronic version |
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9780691149776 hardcover : acid-free paper |
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