| Description |
1 online resource (909 pages) |
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text txt rdacontent |
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computer c rdamedia |
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online resource cr rdacarrier |
| Note |
Print version record. |
| Contents |
Intro -- Clinical Biomechanics in Human Locomotion: Gait and Pathomechanical Principles -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the authors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Understanding human gait -- Chapter introduction -- 1.1. Gait principles -- 1.1.1. Introduction -- 1.1.2. Gait energetics -- Energetic collision strategy in gait -- Walking collisions -- 1.1.3. Dividing the body segments to explain gait -- Head, arms, and trunk in gait -- Locomotor segments and the pelvis in gait -- 1.1.4. Gait motion and description -- The laws of motion in the gait cycle -- Gait-type definitions -- 1.1.5. Walking gait phases -- Swing phase -- Stance phase -- 1.1.6. Challenges of upright posture in locomotion -- 1.1.7. Human gait models -- Human inverted pendular walking gait model -- Energetics of inverted pendular gait -- The plantigrade foot in inverted pendular gait -- Heel lift energetics -- Spring-mass model and double pendulum gait -- 1.1.8. Describing gait: Rancho Los Amigos divisions -- Rancho Los Amigos system of gait description -- Rancho Los Amigos divisions of the walking gait cycle -- Weight acceptance (contact and loading response): 0%-10% -- Single-limb support (mainly midstance): 10%-50% -- Weight transference/acceleration (terminal stance): 50%-60% -- Limb advancement (swing phase): 60%-100% -- Three-point foot rockers during the stance phase -- 1.1.9. Additions and modifications to the Rancho Los Amigos divisions -- 1.1.10. Section summary -- 1.2. Principles of gait analysis data -- 1.2.1. Introduction -- 1.2.2. Stability and ground reaction force -- CoM influence on stability -- Statics and ground reaction force relationship -- Principles of maintaining stability in stance phase of gait -- Recording GRF -- 1.2.3. Measurements and interpretation of GRF. |
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1.2.4. Vertical GRF components in walking -- First peak in GRF (F1) -- First peak (F1) to trough (F2) -- Trough (F2) to second peak (F3) -- F3 to toe-off -- 1.2.5. Anterior-posterior and medial-lateral GRF components in walking -- Anterior-posterior components including claw back -- Heel strike to posterior peak (F4) -- Posterior peak (F4) to crossover point -- Crossover to anterior peak (F5) -- F5 peak to toe-off -- The effect of arm swing on vertical and horizontal forces -- Medial-lateral GRF components -- Pedotti diagrams -- 1.2.6. Spatiotemporal parameters in gait -- Spatial parameters of gait -- Temporal parameters of gait -- Cadence, velocity, and symmetry -- Gait speed -- 1.2.7. Measuring joint segment motions -- 1.2.8. Measuring and interpreting pressure -- Peak pressures and loading rate -- Centre of pressure progression -- 1.2.9. Variability in gait -- Influence of terrain on walking gait analysis parameters and kinematics -- 1.2.10. Section summary -- 1.3. Muscle function related to joint motion in gait -- 1.3.1. Introduction -- 1.3.2. Principles of muscle action in gait -- Energetics -- Force vectors and angular momentum in joints -- 1.3.3. Primary muscle function during walking gait -- Stance phase muscle activity -- Preswing and swing phase muscle activity -- 1.3.4. Soft tissue compliance and stiffening of the lower limb -- 1.3.5. The effects on walking of terrain, velocity, and gradient -- The influence of age on inclined/declined surfaces -- Final muscular considerations -- 1.3.6. Muscle activation and dysfunction effects on gait kinematics -- Stance phase muscle function and dysfunction kinematics -- Swing phase muscle function and dysfunction kinematics -- Muscle unit function and dysfunction -- 1.3.7. Section summary -- 1.4. Running gait -- 1.4.1. Introduction -- 1.4.2. Running energetics -- 1.4.3. The running gait cycle. |
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1.4.4. Running models: Work and power phases in running -- Running work and power in considering energetics of gait -- Walking to running and running to walk transitions -- 1.4.5. Impact in running: With consideration to walking -- Mechanics of impact revisited -- Impact amplitude and cushioning -- Cushioning -- Impact implications in running -- 1.4.6. Shock attenuation in the lower limb -- Joint alignment and stiffness in impact dissipation -- Impact dissipation by specialist passive soft tissues -- Impact and pathology -- 1.4.7. Muscle activity in running -- Muscles in running -- Muscle transition with gait speed and technique -- Muscle coactivation -- Tendons in running energetics -- 1.4.8. Spine, pelvis, and arm motion in running -- The role of arm swing in running -- 1.4.9. Running patterns -- Foot strike position -- Advantages of strike positions -- Sprinting -- Distance running -- Effects of fatigue in running -- 1.4.10. Running differences through gender and age -- Male and female runners -- Older runners -- 1.4.11. Foot type and footwear effects on running -- Foot types: Compliance and stiffness -- Injury rates associated with foot vault profile -- Footwear biomechanics in running -- Running footwear design -- Midsole cushioning -- Midsole stiffness -- Motion control and stability -- Running footwear and foot vaults -- 1.4.12. The effects of running terrain -- 1.4.13. Section summary -- 1.5. Variance in gait -- 1.5.1. Introduction -- 1.5.2. Gender and other morphological differences in walking gait -- Effects of height -- The effects of lower limb alignment -- 1.5.3. Foot function variance in gait -- Classifying pes planus -- Pes planus effects on gait -- Midtarsal (midfoot) break during gait -- Pes cavus in gait -- 1.5.4. Joint hypermobility in gait -- 1.5.5. Gait in pregnancy -- 1.5.6. Paediatric gait. |
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The development of gait characteristics -- Kinematic changes -- Maturation of gait -- Adolescent gait -- Other influences on childhood gait -- Gait in paediatric pes planus -- Paediatric equinus -- 1.5.7. Ageing and aged-like gait -- Ageing of gait -- Changing gait strategy with age -- Endurance and fatigue in walking -- 1.5.8. Leg length discrepancy/inequality -- 1.5.9. The effects of footwear on gait -- 1.5.10. Gait in lower limb amputees -- Spatiotemporal changes in amputees -- Changes in joint angles and moments resulting from amputation -- Effects of bilateral amputation on gait -- 1.5.11. Section summary -- 1.6. Gait in disease -- 1.6.1. Introduction -- 1.6.2. Gait in cerebral palsy -- 1.6.3. Gait in musculoskeletal disease -- Arthritis -- Musculoskeletal soft tissue failures -- 1.6.4. Gait in neurological disease -- 1.6.5. Gait in peripheral vascular disease -- 1.6.6. Gait in diabetes (mellitus) -- 1.6.7. Section summary -- Chapter summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Locomotive functional units -- Chapter introduction -- 2.1. Soft and hard tissue as functional units -- 2.1.1. Introduction -- 2.1.2. Principles of tensegrity and biotensegrity revisited -- 2.1.3. Maintenance of biotensegrity structures -- Clinical implications of the biotensegrity model -- Soft tissue dysfunction in human biotensegrity -- 2.1.4. Principles of core stability -- 2.1.5. Muscles role in stability-mobility -- Muscle-tendon complexes -- 2.1.6. Principles of articular motion and stability -- 2.1.7. Concepts of muscle joint relationships -- 2.1.8. Concepts of form and force closure -- 2.1.9. Concepts of joint packing, congruency, and neutral -- Clinical implications of joint stability -- 2.1.10. The skeletal frame -- 2.1.11. Section summary -- 2.2. Functional unit of the lumbar spine and pelvis -- 2.2.1. Introduction. |
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2.2.2. The kinematic role of the lumbar spine and pelvis -- In-phase and antiphase motion -- 2.2.3. The spine and pelvis as a biotensegrity structure -- 2.2.4. Functional anatomy of the lumbar spine and pelvis -- Lumbar vertebrae and the lumbosacral joint -- Vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs -- The 4th-5th (L4-L5) lumbar spine articulation -- The lumbosacral joint -- The pelvis and sacroiliac (SI) joint -- Pelvic tilt angle -- 2.2.5. Passive soft tissues of the lumbar spine and pelvis -- Pelvic ligaments -- Intrinsic ligaments -- Extrinsic ligaments -- 2.2.6. Functional joint axes and load distribution of the lumbar spine and pelvis -- 2.2.7. Muscle action at the lumbar spine and pelvis -- Thoracolumbar fascia -- Latissimus dorsi -- Erector spinae muscle -- Multifidus -- Quadratus lumborum -- The abdominal aponeurosis and wall muscles -- External abdominal oblique -- Internal abdominal oblique -- Transversus abdominis -- Rectus abdominis -- Function of the muscles and aponeuroses of the abdominal wall -- Hip muscle influence on lumbopelvic function -- Iliopsoas -- Gluteus maximus -- 2.2.8. Adaptation and pathology in the lumbar spine and pelvis -- 2.2.9. Section summary -- 2.3. Functional unit of the hip -- 2.3.1. Introduction -- 2.3.2. The kinematic role of the hip -- 2.3.3. The hip as a biotensegrity structure -- 2.3.4. Osseous topography of the hip -- Acetabular anteversion -- Femoral neck-shaft angle -- Femoral anteversion -- Femoral loading patterns -- 2.3.5. Passive soft tissues of the hip -- Hip ligaments -- Fascia lata -- 2.3.6. The hip in lever systems -- Instantaneous joint axis of the hip -- Lever arms of the hip -- Sagittal plane levers -- Frontal plane lever -- 2.3.7. Muscle action at the hip -- Hip flexors -- Hip extensors -- Deep hip rotators -- Hip adductors -- Hip abductors -- Hip muscle stabilisation. |
| Subject |
Human locomotion.
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Biomechanics.
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Biomechanical Phenomena |
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Locomotion humaine.
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Biomécanique.
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Biomechanics
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Human locomotion
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| Added Author |
Chockalingam, Nachiappan, author.
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| Other Form: |
Print version: HORWOOD, ANDREW. CHOCKALINGAM, NACHIAPPAN. CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS IN HUMAN LOCOMOTION. [Place of publication not identified] : ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS, 2022 0443158606 (OCoLC)1344421305 |
| ISBN |
9780443158612 (electronic bk.) |
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0443158614 (electronic bk.) |
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9780443158605 |
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0443158606 |
| Standard No. |
AU@ 000074272898 |
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UKMGB 020779601 |
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