| Description |
1 online resource |
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text txt rdacontent |
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computer c rdamedia |
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online resource cr rdacarrier |
| Summary |
Distributed Computing to Blockchain: Architecture, Technology, and Applications provides researchers, computer scientists, and data scientists with a comprehensive and applied reference covering the evolution of distributed systems computing into blockchain and associated systems. Divided into three major sections, the book explores the basic topics in the blockchain space extending from distributed systems architecture, distributed ledger, decentralized web to introductory aspects of cryptoeconomics (cryptography and economics) of decentralized applications. The book further explores advanced concepts such as smart contracts; distributed token mining, initial coin offerings; proof of work; public, private, and other blockchains; cryptography; security; and blockchains. The book goes on to review byzantine fault tolerance, distributed ledgers versus blockchains, and blockchain protocols. The final section covers multiple use cases and applications of distributed computing and the future directions for blockchains. |
| Contents |
Intro -- Distributed Computing to Blockchain: Architecture, Technology, and Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Section A: Evolution of Distributed Systems -- Section B: Blockchain Architecture and Security -- Section C: Distributed Computing -- Acknowledgments -- Section A: Evolution of distributed systems -- Chapter 1: Decentralized web, distributed ledgers, and build-up to blockchain -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The journey so far Web 1.0 -- Web 2.0 -- Web 3.0 -- 2. Distributed ledgers (DLTs) -- 2.1. All distributed ledgers are not blockchain -- 2.2. Tangle -- 2.3. Hashgraphs -- 3. Blockchains -- 3.1. Blockchain: Historical background -- 3.2. What is a blockchain? -- 3.3. Blockchain structure -- 3.4. Blockchain transactions -- 3.5. Proof of work: Consensus -- 4. Types of blockchains -- 4.1. Permissionless blockchains -- 4.2. Permissioned blockchains -- 4.3. Consortium blockchains -- 4.4. Hybrid blockchains -- 5. Blockchain use cases -- 5.1. Blockchain 1.0 -- 5.2. Blockchain 2.0 -- 5.3. Blockchain 3.0 -- 6. Limitations and challenges -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Decentralized everything: Practical use of blockchain technology in future applications -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Blockchain technology -- 1.2. Blockchain vs distributed ledger technology -- 1.3. Evolution of blockchain technology -- Phase-I: Transactions (Blockchain 1.0) -- Phase-II: Contracts (Blockchain 2.0) -- Phase-III: Applications (Blockchain 3.0) -- Phase-IV: Blockchain for Industry 4.0 applications (Blockchain 4.0) -- 2. Related work -- 2.1. History of Blockchain technology -- 3. Motivation -- 4. Connecting the world together -- 5. Services provided to end users-Application wise -- 6. Blockchain technology use cases and a way forward -- 7. Challenges in Blockchain technology -- 7.1. Storage capacity and scalability. |
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7.2. Security: Weaknesses and threats -- 7.3. Anonymity and data privacy -- 7.4. Smart contracts -- 7.5. Legal issues -- 7.6. Consensus -- 8. Future applications with Blockchain technology -- 9. Problems faced in (by) decentralizing applications -- 10. Future research directions/a way forward towards decentralized applications -- 11. Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 3: Distributed computing to blockchain: Architecture, technology, and applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Recent related works -- 2.1. Analysis of the application status of blockchain -- 2.2. Application and development trend of distributed computing in blockchain -- 3. Security of the distributed network model based on blockchain -- 3.1. Demand analysis of blockchain technology applied to distributed system -- 3.2. Analysis of the task allocation of blockchain technology -- 3.3. Privacy security analysis of blockchain-based distributed computing network model -- 3.4. Simulation evaluation -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1. Comparative analysis of system performance of models -- 4.2. Analysis of security performance of data transmission of each model -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Types of blockchain -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Literature review -- 3. Background study -- 3.1. Blockchain technology -- 3.2. Blockchain features -- 3.3. Challenges of blockchain -- 4. Blockchain technology and its history -- 5. Differentiating blockchain on network and operational parameters -- 5.1. Types of blockchain dependent on network access -- Public blockchain -- Benefits of public blockchain -- Private blockchain -- Disadvantages of a private blockchain -- Consortium/federated blockchain -- Benefits of consortium blockchain -- Disadvantages of blockchain consortium -- Use cases of consortium blockchain -- Hybrid blockchain -- Advantages of hybrid blockchain. |
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Challenges of hybrid blockchain -- Use cases of hybrid blockchain -- 5.2. Types of blockchain dependent on members -- Permissionless blockchains -- Attributes of permissionless blockchains -- Benefits of permissionless blockchains -- Disadvantages of permissionless blockchains -- Use cases of permissionless blockchain -- Permissioned blockchains -- Attributes of permissioned blockchains -- Benefits of permissioned blockchain -- Disadvantages of permissioned blockchain -- Use instances of permissioned blockchain -- 6. Comparison of various blockchain types -- 7. Future work -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Blockchain types: A characteristic view -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Blockchain -- 2.1. Blockchain technology: A peer-to-peer network of nodes -- 2.2. Blockchain technology: Asymmetric key cryptography and hashing -- 2.3. Characteristics of blockchain -- 2.4. Advantages and disadvantages of blockchain -- 3. General classification of blockchain -- 3.1. Public blockchain -- Advantages -- 3.2. Private blockchain -- Advantages and disadvantages of private blockchain -- 3.3. Consortium blockchain -- Advantages of consortium blockchain -- Consortium blockchain technology versus private blockchain technology: The comparison -- 3.4. Hybrid blockchain -- Advantages of hybrid blockchain -- Consortium blockchain technology versus hybrid blockchain technology: The comparison -- Diverse use cases for hybrid blockchain -- 3.5. Public blockchain versus private blockchain versus consortium blockchain: The comparison -- 3.6. Applications -- 4. Other classification of blockchain -- 4.1. Public permissionless blockchain network -- 4.2. Public permissioned blockchain network -- 4.3. Private permissionless blockchain network -- Holochain -- 4.4. Private permissioned blockchain network -- 5. Consensus mechanisms -- 5.1. Proof of work -- 5.2. Proof of stake. |
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5.3. Proof of capacity -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: DApps: Decentralized applications for blockchains -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Distributed versus decentralized systems -- 2. Decentralized applications (DApps) -- 2.1. Centralized apps versus decentralized apps: Design paradigm -- 2.2. Ethereum -- 2.3. Ethereum building blocks -- Smart contracts -- Solidity for Ethereum smart contracts -- 3. Building DApps -- 3.1. DApps: A functional flow -- 3.2. Increasing read efficiency for DApps: The graph -- 3.3. Scalability of DApps: Driving throughput of transactions per second -- 3.4. DApps: Development frameworks -- Truffle: Beginners DApp framework -- Hardhat DApp framework: An overview -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Analyzing information flow in solidity smart contracts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Related work -- 3. Background -- 3.1. Blockchain technology [1] -- 3.2. Solidity smart contracts [4, 5] -- 3.3. Language-based information flow security [10, 11] -- 3.4. Data-flow analysis [43] -- 4. Solidity language: Syntax and semantics -- 4.1. Solidity syntax -- 4.2. Concrete semantics -- Semantic domains -- Environments and states -- Semantics -- (1) Expressions -- (2) Local variable declaration -- (3) Assignment statement -- (4) Sequence -- (5) Conditional -- (6) Iteration -- (7) State variable declaration -- (8) Constructor -- (9) Function -- (10) Smart contract -- 5. Formal dependency analysis of solidity smart contracts -- 5.1. Abstract domain: Pos [45-47] -- 5.2. Abstract semantics -- (1) Assignment statement -- (2) Sequence -- (3) Conditional -- (4) Iteration -- (5) Constructor -- (6) Function -- (7) Smart contract -- 6. Confidentiality and integrity properties verification -- 7. Refining analysis by combining numerical abstract domains -- 7.1. Relational and nonrelational abstract domains -- Intervals [50, 52]. |
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Octagons [55] -- Polyhedra [53, 56] -- 7.2. The reduced product -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Formal verification and code generation for solidity smart contracts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Related work -- 3. Background -- 3.1. Event-B modeling framework -- Modeling actions over states -- Refinement -- Rodin -- Applications -- 3.2. Solidity -- Solidity types, special functions, and variables -- Function modifiers -- 4. Formal framework for Solidity smart contracts -- 5. EB2Sol: Event-B to Solidity -- 5.1. Preprocessing and generated POs -- 5.2. Translation of Event-B to Solidity -- Context models -- Machine models -- 6. Case study -- 6.1. Informal description of smart purchase -- 6.2. Formal development -- Context model -- Machine model -- Model validation and analysis -- 6.3. Code generation in Solidity -- 7. Discussion -- 7.1. Benefits -- Progressive development of smart contracts -- Improving smart contract error detection -- Minimizing smart contract development cost -- 7.2. Limitations -- Need careful analysis in modeling and implementation -- Need powerful theorem provers for smart contracts -- No standard in the generated smart contracts -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Blockchain consensus algorithms: Past, present, and future trends -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Proof-based consensus algorithms -- 2.1. Proof of work (PoW) -- 2.2. Proof of stake (PoS) -- 2.3. Proof of elapsed time (PoET) -- 2.4. Proof of weight (PoWeight) -- 2.5. Proof of burn (PoB) -- 2.6. Proof of capacity (PoC) -- 2.7. Proof of importance (PoI) -- 2.8. Proof of activity (PoA) -- 3. Voting-based consensus algorithms -- 3.1. Delegated proof of stake -- 3.2. Paxos -- 3.3. Practical byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) -- 3.4. Delegated byzantine fault tolerance (DBFT) -- 3.5. Istanbul byzantine fault tolerance (IBFT) -- 3.6. BFT-SMaRT protocol. |
| Subject |
Electronic data processing -- Distributed processing.
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Blockchains (Databases)
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Traitement réparti.
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Chaînes de blocs.
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Blockchains (Databases)
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Electronic data processing -- Distributed processing
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| Added Author |
Pandey, Rajiv, 1966- editor.
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Goundar, Sam, 1967- editor.
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Fatima, Shahnaz, editor.
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| Other Form: |
Print version: 0323961460 9780323961462 (OCoLC)1348634800 |
| ISBN |
9780323961479 electronic book |
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0323961479 electronic book |
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9780323961462 |
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0323961460 |
| Standard No. |
AU@ 000074340287 |
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