The evolving role of the federal government in helping the lowest-performing schools -- "If you can turn around Buffalo, you can turn around anything" -- State takeovers and the complexities of policy making for the lowest-performing school districts and schools -- An alternative form of state takeover: the special state district for low-performing schools -- Technical assistance and training -- Choice, community action, and closure -- One best way to leave no child behind -- Local innovation and options: a better prescription? -- Developing district capacity to support school turnarounds -- Reviewing an equivocal verdict -- Thinking about the path ahead.