An experimental and modeling study of the flammability of fuel tank headspace vapors from ethanol/gasoline fuels. phase 2, evaluations of field samples and laboratory blends [electronic resource] / D.P. Gardiner, M.F. Bardon, and M. LaViolette, Nexum Research Corporation.
Imprint
Golden, CO : National Renewable Energy Laboratory, [2010]
Full text available via Internet in .pdf format. Adobe Acrobat Reader required.
Note
Title from title screen (NREL, viewed Apr. 19, 2010).
"April 2010."
Summary
An experimental study measured the flammability of fuel vapors at low ambient temperatures and developed a mathematical model to predict the temperatures at which flammable vapors were likely to form. Results indicate that some currently available ethanol fuels are likely to produce flammable vapors within the ambient temperature range under Class 3 conditions. Results also indicate that mid-level ethanol blends (E20 and E30) are unlikely to significantly increase the risk of producing flammable vapors over that of the base gasoline used for the blends.
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references.
Funding
Prepared under Subcontract No. XCI-5-55505-01. DE-AC36-08-GO28308. FC080071