Adapting formal planning approaches: the Pennsylvania State University / Michael J. Dooris, G. Gregory Lozier -- Entrepreneurial planning: Tufts University / John A. Dunn, Jr. -- Planning at a small institution: Bradford College / Janice S. Green -- Turning problems into opportunities: the University of Twente / Peter A.M. Maassen, Michael T.E. van Buchem -- Issue-oriented planning: Essex Community College / Philip M. Ringle, Frederick W. Capshaw -- Responding to diverse institutional issues: adapting strategic planning concepts / Frank A. Schmidtlein.