Whose nature? Environmentalism, industrialization, and the politics of property -- The meanings of property -- Forests, minerals, and the controversy over property in post-emancipation Russia -- Nationalizing rivers, expropriating lands -- The treasures of the fatherland -- Inventing national patrimony -- Private possessions and national art -- "Estates on Parnassus": literary property and cultural reform -- Writers and the audience: legal provisions and public discourse -- The private letters of national literature.