1.4 Impact damage detection using conventional nondestructive testing techniques -- 1.4.1 Traditional ultrasonic testing -- 1.4.2 Dye penetrant testing -- 1.4.3 Optical methods -- 1.4.4 Electromagnetic and electrical methods -- 1.4.5 Radiographic methods -- 1.5 Evaluation of residual strength after impact -- 1.5.1 Compression after impact -- 1.5.1.1 Testing procedures -- 1.5.1.2 Mechanics of compression after impact -- 1.5.1.3 Industrial applications: from theory to practice -- 1.5.1.4 Potential and advancements to overcome or reduce the effects of impact on the residual strength
1.5.2 Flexure after impact -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Visual inspection of impact damage in composite materials -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Principles -- 2.2.1 Damage metrics -- 2.2.2 Visual inspection levels -- 2.2.2.1 Walk-around inspection -- 2.2.2.2 General visual inspection -- 2.2.2.3 Detailed visual inspection -- 2.2.2.4 Special detailed visual inspection -- 2.3 Effective parameters -- 2.3.1 Lighting and illumination -- 2.3.2 Human-related factors -- 2.3.3 Viewing distance and visual angle -- 2.3.4 Surface color and cleanliness -- 2.4 Recent progress (case studies)
2.4.1 Remote visual inspection -- 2.4.2 Self-reporting coatings -- 2.4.3 Artificial intelligence -- 2.5 Challenges and future path -- 2.6 Summary and conclusions -- References -- 3 Impact damage analysis of composite structures using digital image correlation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Impact behavior of composites -- 3.3 Digital image correlation and high-speed imaging -- 3.4 Split-Hopkinson pressure bar -- 3.5 Low and high-velocity impact tests -- 3.5.1 Low-velocity impact -- 3.5.2 High-velocity impact -- 3.6 Summary and future outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References
