Some issues in the intellectual history of fascism -- The historic background and Enrico Corradini -- Alfredo Rocco and the elements of fascist doctrine -- Sergio Panunzio : from revolutionary to national syndicalism -- Idealism, Ugo Spirito, and the outlines of fascist doctrine -- Ugo Spirito and the rationale of the corporative state -- Sergio Panunzio and the maturing of fascist doctrine -- Camillo Pellizzi, Carlo Costamagna, and the final issues -- Doctrinal interlude : the initiatic racism of Julius Evola -- Doctrinal continuity and the fascist social republic.