Prologue -- The people's sovereignty in the states -- Revolutionary constitutionalism -- Grass-roots self-government : America's early determinist movements -- Revolutionary tensions : "friends of government" confront "the Regulators" in Massachusetts -- The sovereign behind the Federal Constitution -- The Federal Constitution and the effort to constrain the people -- Testing the constitutionalism of 1787 : the whiskey "rebellion" in Pennsylvania -- Federal sovereignty : competing views of the Federal Constitution -- The struggle over a constitutional middle ground -- The collective sovereign persists : the people's constitution in Rhode Island -- Epilogue.