Cigarettes at the third millennium -- Epidemiologic evidence for less hazardous cigarettes -- How cigarettes are made and work -- Developing less hazardous cigarettes at the National Cancer Institute -- Less hazardous cigarettes and the tobacco industry -- Nicotine, the wronged stimulant -- How much nicotine in less hazardous cigarettes -- Incentives for less hazardous cigarettes -- Testing for assurance of reduced hazard.