Introduction : puzzles of people power -- Institutional uncertainty and elite-led mobilization -- The view from below : communities as sites for collective action -- The view from above : state influences on elite opportunities -- Linkages across classes : the development of subversive clientelism -- Mobilization in rural Kyrgyzstan -- Elite networks and the Tulip Revolution -- Assessing the dynamics of mobilization in diverse contexts -- Conclusion : political economies, hybrid regimes, and challenges to democratization.