Historicizing Black-Indian relations in Virginia -- Prologue: Lingering at the crossroads : African-Native American history and kinship lineage in Armstrong Archer's A compendium on slavery -- Notes on the state of Virginia: Jeffersonian thought and the rise of racial purity ideology in the eighteenth century -- Redefining race and identity: the Indian-Negro confusion and the changing state of Black-Indian relations in the nineteenth century -- Race purity and the law: the Racial Integrity Act and policing Black-Indian identity in the twentieth century -- Denying blackness: anthropological advocacy and the remaking of the Virginia Indians -- Black-Indian relations in the present state of Virginia -- Beyond black and white: Afro-Indian identity in the case of Loving v. Virginia -- The racial integrity fight: confrontations of race and identity in Charles City County, Virginia -- Nottoway Indians, Afro-Indian identity, and the contemporary dilemma of state eecognition -- Epilogue: Afro-Indian peoples of Virginia; the indelible thread of Black and Red.