Introduction -- I. Theories and background -- Man and the universe in Spain / Salvador De Madariaga -- The roots of personalismo / François Chevalier -- Political theory and the caudillo / Richard M. Morse -- II. Caudillismo in the nineteenth century -- Geography and caudillismo: a case study / Raymond E. Crist -- Monarchy or republic? / J. Fred Rippy -- Facundo Quiroga / Domingo F. Sarmiento -- America in danger / Francisco Bilbao -- Scientific peace / Rafael Núñez -- Caciquismo in our America / Carlos Octavio Bunge -- Foreign factors in dictatorship in Latin America / John J. Johnson -- III. Twentieth-century dynamics -- Dictators and the military / Lyle N. McAlister -- Continuismo / Russell H. Fitzgibbon -- The evolution of democracy in Santo Domingo / Rafael L. Trujillo Molina -- A report on Santo Domingo / Jesús De Galíndez -- Is a caudilla possible? The case of Evita Perón / Germán Arciniegas -- A case for caudillaje / Fernando N.A. Cuevillas -- The United States as caudillo / Norman A. Bailey -- If I were dictator / Chester Lloyd Jones.