Front Cover -- ADVANCED ALGORITHMS FOR MINERAL AND HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION USING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR -- ADVANCED ALGORITHMS FOR MINERAL AND HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION USING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 -- An introduction to minerals, rocks, and mineral deposits -- 1.1 What is the denotation of minerals? -- 1.2 Queries of understanding minerals -- 1.2.1 Why are minerals in rocks important? -- 1.2.2 How are minerals and rocks classified? -- 1.2.3 What are the minerals found in rocks? -- 1.2.4 How do minerals contribute to rock?
1.3 What makes a mineral as mineral? -- 1.4 Properties of minerals -- 1.4.1 Crystal form -- 1.4.2 Hardness -- 1.4.3 Fracture and cleavage -- 1.4.4 Luster -- 1.4.5 Color -- 1.4.6 Streak -- 1.4.7 Density -- 1.4.8 Tenacity -- 1.5 How are minerals classified? -- 1.5.1 Silicates -- 1.5.2 Sulfides -- 1.5.3 Carbonates -- 1.5.4 Oxides -- 1.5.5 Halides -- 1.5.6 Sulfates -- 1.5.7 Phosphates -- 1.5.8 Native elements -- 1.6 What is meant by ores? -- 1.7 What are igneous rocks? -- 1.8 How do igneous rocks form? -- 1.9 Types of igneous rocks -- 1.10 What are meant of sedimentary rocks?
1.10.1 Common sedimentary rocks -- 1.10.2 Clastic sedimentary rocks -- 1.10.3 Biologic sedimentary rocks -- 1.11 What are meant of metamorphic rocks? -- 1.11.1 Process of metamorphism -- 1.11.2 Foliated metamorphic rocks -- 1.11.3 Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks -- 1.12 Is glacier ice a type of rock? -- 1.13 Bowen's reaction series in understanding formation of igneous rock -- References -- 2 -- Structural geology of mineral, oil and gas explorations -- 2.1 What is mean by structural geology? -- 2.2 Categorization of geological structures -- 2.2.1 Geometry -- 2.2.2 Geologic significance
2.2.3 Timing of formation -- 2.2.4 Deformation mechanism -- 2.2.5 Mesoscopic cohesiveness -- 2.2.6 Strain significance -- 2.2.7 Rock volume deformation -- 2.3 Folds -- 2.3.1 Folds formation -- 2.3.2 Anticlines and synclines -- 2.3.3 Dipping anticlines and synclines -- 2.3.4 Synclines -- 2.3.5 Faults -- 2.3.6 Reverse and thrust faults -- 2.4 Stress and mountain building -- 2.5 Mechanical principles in structural geology -- 2.5.1 Stress in Earth's crust -- 2.5.2 Stress and fault sorts -- 2.5.3 Strain -- 2.5.4 Ductile and Brittle Strain -- 2.6 Shear criteria and kinematic analysis
2.6.1 Helicitic inclusions in porphyroblasts -- 2.6.2 Mica fish -- 2.7 Ore deposits as a function of structural geology -- 2.7.1 Ore deposits and plate tectonics -- 2.7.1.1 Deposits at oceanic ridges (divergent plate margins) -- 2.7.1.2 Deposits at convergent plate margins -- 2.7.1.3 Deposits at collision boundaries -- 2.7.1.4 Deposits in cratonic rift systems -- 2.7.1.5 Deposits in cratonic basins -- 2.8 Veins and hydrothermal deposits -- 2.9 Mesothermal -- 2.10 Epithermal -- 2.11 Metamorphic processes -- 2.12 Surficial processes (exogenous) -- 2.13 Genesis of common ores -- 2.13.1 Iron
