| Edition |
Second edition. |
| Description |
1 online resource |
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text txt rdacontent |
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computer c rdamedia |
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online resource cr rdacarrier |
| Series |
Plastics design library |
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PDL handbook series.
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| Note |
Includes index. |
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Online resource; title from PDF title page (ScienceDirect, viewed April 6, 2016). |
| Contents |
Machine generated contents note: pt. I INTRODUCTION -- 1. Introduction / Scott B. Marks -- 1.1. Materials: A Historical Perspective -- 1.2. Markets: A Global Economy -- 1.3. Processes, Materials, Needs -- 1.4. Materials and Barrier -- 1.5. Materials and Sealing -- 1.6. Bringing Things Together -- References -- pt. II RESINS -- 2. Polyethylene / Rajen M. Patel -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Polyethylene History and Basic Characterization -- 2.3. Melt Index -- 2.4. Density -- 2.5. Gel Permeation Chromatography -- 2.6. Low-Density Polyethylene -- 2.7. Free Radical Polymerization Processes -- 2.8. Autoclave Reactor -- 2.9. Tubular Reactor -- 2.10. Polar Ethylene Copolymers -- 2.11. Low-Pressure Polymerization Processes -- 2.12. Gas-Phase Process -- 2.13. Solution Process -- 2.14. Slurry Processes -- 2.15. Catalyst Chemistry -- 2.15.1. Ziegler -- Natta -- 2.16. Chrome Oxide -- Based Catalyst -- 2.17. Single-Site (Metallocene) Catalyzed Polyethylene -- 2.18. Tie Chain Molecules -- 2.19. Summary -- Acknowledgment |
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Note continued: References -- 3. Polypropylene / Allison Calhoun -- 3.1. Managerial Overview -- 3.1.1. Describing Polymers -- 3.1.2. Polymerization -- 3.1.3. General Polypropylene Resin Classes -- 3.2. Summary -- References -- 4. Introduction to Bio-Based Polymers / Antonio Meraldo -- 4.1.Commercially Important Novel Biopolymer -- 4.1.1. Poly lactic Acid -- 4.1.2. Polybutylene Succinate -- 4.1.3. Polyhydroxyalkanoate -- 4.1.4. Polyethylene Furanoate -- References -- 5. Additives to Design and Improve the Performance of Multilayer Flexible Packaging / Sung-Leal Jung -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Overview -- 5.3. Additive Handling, Addition, and Dosing -- 5.4. Additive Types and Principal Mode of Action -- 5.4.1. Antioxidants and Other Stabilizers -- 5.4.2. UV Stabilizers -- 5.4.3. Optical Brighteners -- 5.4.4. Slip Additives -- 5.4.5. Antiblock Additives -- 5.4.6. Antistats -- 5.4.7. Others -- 5.5. Suppliers and Contacts -- Appendix 5.1 -- Appendix 5.2 -- References |
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Note continued: 6. Rheology of Molten Polymers / David Strutt -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Viscosity and Melt Flow Index -- 6.3. Mathematical Relations -- 6.4. Extensional Viscosity and Melt Strength -- 6.5. Normal Stress Differences and Extrudate Swell -- 6.6. Stress Relaxation and Dynamic Measurements -- 6.7. Constitutive Equations -- 6.8. Sharkskin, Melt Fracture, and Die Lip Buildup -- 6.9. Rheological Problems in Coextrusion -- 6.10. Rheology of Filled Polymers -- 6.11. Rheology of Nanocomposites -- 6.12. Rheometers -- 6.13. Concluding Remarks -- References -- pt. III TECHNOLOGIES -- 7. Coextrusion Equipment for Multilayer Flat Films and Sheets / Eldridge M. Mount -- 7.1. Designing and Manufacturing Multilayer Flexible Plastic Films with Multilayer Coextrusion Die Technology -- 7.1.1. Overview -- 7.1.2. Introduction -- 7.1.3. General Coextrusion Equipment Overview -- 7.1.4. Theoretical Understanding of Die and Feedblock Design Parameters -- 7.1.5. Feedblock Designs |
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Note continued: 7.1.6. Die Designs -- 7.1.7. Coextrusion Systems for Flat Films and Sheet -- 7.1.8. Layer Instabilities, Causes, and Prevention -- 7.1.9. Practical Examples -- 7.2. Summary -- References -- 8. Multilayer Blown (Tubular) Film Dies / John Perdikoulias -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Conventional Coextrusion Dies -- 8.3. Stacked Dies -- 8.4. Interfacial Instability -- References -- 9. Process Engineering / Vincent Vezza -- 9.1. Managerial Summary -- 9.2. Process Engineering: What Is It and Why Is It Essential? -- 9.3. Some Process Engineer Tools -- 9.3.1. Histogram -- 9.3.2. Scatter Diagram -- 9.3.3. Design of Experiments -- 9.3.4. Statistical Process Control -- 9.4. Examples of How Process Engineers Can Save Time and Money -- 9.5. Conclusion -- 10. Blown Film, Cast Film, and Lamination Processes / John R. Wagner, Jr. -- 10.1. Blown Film -- 10.2. Cast Film -- 10.3. Extrusion Coating and Lamination -- References -- 11. Machine Direction -- Oriented Film Technology / Eric Hatfield |
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Note continued: 11.1. Managerial Summary -- 11.2. Description of MDO Hardware and Technology -- 11.3. How a Machine Direction Orientor Works -- 11.3.1. Preheat -- 11.3.2. Drawing -- 11.3.3. Annealing -- 11.3.4. Cooling -- 11.4. The Process and Its Effect on the Film -- 11.5. Properties of MD-Oriented Films -- 11.5.1. Improved Optics -- 11.5.2. Increased Tensiles -- 11.5.3. Improved Stiffness -- 11.5.4. Improved Barrier Properties -- 11.5.5. Recent MDO Advances -- 11.6. Summary -- References -- 12. Oriented Film Technology / Jurgen Breil -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Orienting Technologies -- 12.3. Oriented Film Types -- Applications -- 12.3.1. Films Oriented Biaxially -- 12.3.2. Film Oriented in Machine Direction -- 12.3.3. Film Oriented in Transverse Direction -- 12.4. Trends for Oriented Films -- References -- 13. Polymer Blending for Packaging Applications / Barry A. Morris -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Why Blend? -- 13.3. Blending Processes -- 13.3.1. Pellet Premixing |
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Note continued: 13.3.2. Melt Blending -- 13.4. Physics of Blending -- 13.4.1. Thermodynamics -- 13.4.2. Morphology Development in Immiscible Blends -- 13.5. Morphology Development in Blown Film -- 13.5.1. Viscosity Ratio -- 13.5.2. Interfacial Tension -- 13.5.3. Minor Phase Concentration in Blend -- 13.5.4. Polymer Elasticity (non-Newtonian behavior) -- 13.5.5. Extruder RPM -- 13.5.6. Extruder Temperature -- 13.5.7. Shear Stress in Extruder, Adaptor, and Die -- 13.5.8. Screw Design -- 13.5.9. Draw Ratio -- 13.5.10. Frost Line Height and Process Time -- 13.6. Dispersion of Rigid Particles and Nanocomposites -- 13.7. Rheology of Polymer Blends -- 13.8. Conclusion -- References -- 14. Water- and Solvent-Based Coating Technology / Edward D. Cohen -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.1.1. Coating Uniformity -- 14.2. Coating Structures -- 14.3. Web-Coating Machine Hardware and Functions -- 14.4. Coating Applicators -- 14.4.1. Classification of Applicators -- 14.4.2. Role of Substrate |
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Note continued: 14.4.3. Coatabilty Limits -- 14.4.4. Description of Coating Methods -- 14.5. Effect of Solvent -- 14.6. Hot Melt Coaters -- 14.7. Selecting a Coating Method -- 14.8. Drying and Solidification -- 14.8.1. Constant Rate and Falling Rate Drying -- 14.8.2. Pollution Considerations in Drying -- References -- 15. Vacuum Metallizing for Flexible Packaging / Eldridge M. Mount -- 15.1. Introduction -- 15.2. Decorative Coatings -- 15.3. Barrier Coatings -- 15.3.1. Light Barrier -- 15.3.2. Oxygen Barrier -- 15.3.3. Water Vapor Barrier -- 15.3.4. Gas Barrier -- 15.4. Functional Coatings -- 15.5. Security Applications -- 15.6. Metallization Basics -- 15.7. Pattern Metallization -- 15.8. Trends -- 15.9. Summary -- References -- 16. Web Handling and Winding / David R. Roisum -- 16.1. Web Handling Essentials -- 16.2. Rollers -- 16.3. Tension Control -- 16.4. Nip Control -- 16.5. Temperature Control -- 16.6. Guiding and Path Control -- 16.7. Wrinkles and Spreading |
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Note continued: 16.8.A Word About Slitting and Other Converting Processes -- 16.9. Winding Is Essential -- 16.10. Winding Tightness and the TNT's -- 16.11. Winding Classes and Arrangements -- 16.12. Theory Applied -- 16.13. Other Common Wound Roll Defects -- References -- pt. IV MULTILAYER FILMS -- DESCRIPTIONS, PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS, USES, CONSIDERATIONS, PROPERTIES -- 17. PE-Based Multilayer Film Structures / Barry A. Morris -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Polymer Selection -- 17.3. Mechanical Properties -- 17.4. Barrier Properties -- 17.5. Polymer Sealability -- 17.6. Adhesive Polymers -- 17.7. Applications for Flexible Packaging Film Structures -- 17.7.1. Medical Packaging -- 17.7.2. Food Packaging -- 17.8. Summary -- References -- 18. Multilayer-Oriented Films / Jurgen Breil -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Technology for Multilayer-Oriented Films -- 18.3. Structures -- 18.4. Trends for Multilayer-Oriented Films -- 18.4.1. Cost Efficiency -- 18.4.2. Consumer Requirements |
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Note continued: 18.4.3. Sustainability -- 19. Regulatory Aspects of Food Packaging -- A Global Matter / Sina Ebnesajjad -- 19.1. Introduction -- 19.1.1. Bisphenol A -- 19.2. Determining the Regulatory Status of Components of a Food-Contact Material in the United States -- 19.2.1. Food-Contact Formulation Compliance Notification -- 19.3. Regulatory Report: FDA's FCS Notification Program -- 19.3.1. Definitions, History, and Scope -- 19.3.2. The Notification Process -- 19.3.3. Increasing the Odds of Success -- 19.3.4. FCS Formulations -- 19.4. Preservation of Foods by Irradiation -- 19.4.1. FDA Regulations for Treatment of Foods with Radiation -- 19.4.2. Title 21 CFR 179 -- Subpart B: Radiation and Radiation Sources -- 19.4.3. Title 21 CFR 179 -- Subpart C: Packaging Materials for Irradiated Foods -- 19.5. Regulatory Aspects of Recycled Plastics -- US FDA View -- 19.5.1. Introduction -- 19.5.2. Use of Recycled Plastics in Food Packaging: Chemistry Considerations |
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Note continued: 19.6. EU Legislation on Food-Contact Plastics -- 19.6.1. EU Regulation No. 10/2011 on Plastic Materials Intended to Come into Contact with Food -- 19.6.2. Consolidating Paragraphs -- 19.6.3. Chapter I -- General Provisions -- 19.6.4. Chapter II: Compositional Requirements -- 19.6.5. Chapter III: Specific Provisions for Certain Materials and Articles -- 19.6.6. Chapter IV: Declaration of Compliance and Documentation -- 19.6.7. Chapter V: Compliance -- 19.6.8. Chapter VI: Final Provisions -- 19.7. EU Legislation for Recycled Plastics -- 19.7.1. Questions and Answers on Recycled Plastics in Food-Contact Materials -- Acknowledgment -- References. |
| Subject |
Plastics in packaging.
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Plastics in packaging -- Technological innovations.
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Matières plastiques dans l'emballage.
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Matières plastiques dans l'emballage -- Innovations.
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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Chemical & Biochemical.
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Plastics in packaging
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| Added Author |
Wagner, John R., Jr., editor.
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| ISBN |
9780323371001 |
| Standard No. |
AU@ 000057303310 |
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CHBIS 010796245 |
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CHNEW 001013497 |
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CHVBK 403948371 |
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DEBSZ 482470097 |
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GBVCP 879393033 |
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