| Description |
1 online resource (iii, 54 pages) : color illustrations, color map. |
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text txt rdacontent |
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computer c rdacontent |
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online resource cr rdacarrier |
| Series |
Technology assessment / United States Government Accountability Office |
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United States. Government Accountability Office.
Technology assessment.
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| Note |
"September 2021." |
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"GAO-21-104622." |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references. |
| Note |
Description based on online resource, PDF version; title from cover (GAO, viewed on Jan. 24, 2022). |
| Contents |
Introduction. -- 1 Background. -- 1.1 COVID-19. -- 1.2 Manual contact tracing for COVID-19. -- 1.3 Roles of states, federal agencies, and other stakeholders. -- 2. Benefits and design of exposure notification apps. -- 2.1 Exposure notification apps are expected to provide enhanced speed and reach. -- 2.2 How exposure notification apps work. -- 2.3 Apps can use either a centralized, decentralized, or hybrid system to manage data. -- 2.4 States are widely using the Google and Apple Exposure Notifications system. -- 3 Deployment and adoption of exposure notification apps. -- 3.1 Abut half of the states have deployed an exposure notification app. -- 3.2 About half of the states use a customized app. -- 3.3 States reported that app development time and cost varied based on several factors. -- 3.4 Officials reported varying download levels and use. -- 4. Challenges associated with exposure notification apps. -- 4.1 Accuracy of measurements. -- 4.2 Privacy and security concerns. -- 4.3 Adoption and use of apps. -- 4.4 Verification code delays. -- 4.5 Limited evidence of effectiveness. -- 5 Policy options that could help address challenges for future use. -- 5.1 Policy option: research and development. -- 5.2 Policy option: privacy and security standards and best practices. -- 5.3 Policy option: best practices to measure effectiveness. -- 5.4 Policy option: enhance the national strategy. -- 6 Agency and expert comments. -- Appendices. |
| Summary |
With the emergence and rapid global spread of COVID-19, smartphone apps have been developed to supplement manual contact tracing, which is a public health measure used to slow the spread of infectious disease. GAO was asked to conduct a technology assessment of exposure notification apps. This report discusses (1) the benefits of exposure notification apps; (2) the current level of deployment in the U.S.; (3) challenges affecting their use; and (4) policy options that may help address these challenges for future use. GAO analyzed information from a selection of states. GAO is identifying policy options in this report. |
| Subject |
COVID-19 (Disease) -- United States -- Prevention.
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COVID-19 (Disease) -- Transmission -- United States.
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Contact tracing (Epidemiology) -- United States.
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Public health surveillance -- United States.
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Smartphones -- United States.
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Mobile apps -- United States.
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COVID-19 -- Transmission -- États-Unis.
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Recherche de contacts (Épidémiologie) -- États-Unis.
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Santé publique -- Surveillance -- États-Unis.
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Téléphones intelligents -- États-Unis.
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Applications mobiles -- États-Unis.
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Electronic surveillance
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United States https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtxgQXMWqmjMjjwXRHgrq
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| Added Title |
Benefits and challenges of smartphone applications to augment contact tracing |
| Gpo Item No. |
0545 (online) |
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0546-D (online) |
| Sudoc No. |
GA 1.13:GAO-21-104622 GA 1.2:GAO-21-104622 |
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