| Description |
1 online resource |
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text txt rdacontent |
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computer c rdamedia |
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online resource cr rdacarrier |
| Series |
PDL handbook series |
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PDL handbook series.
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| Note |
Vendor-supplied metadata. |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| Summary |
Fractography in Failure Analysis of Polymers provides a practical guide to the science of fractography and its application in the failure analysis of plastic components. In addition to a brief background on the theory of fractography, the authors discuss the various fractographic tools and techniques used to identify key fracture characteristics. Case studies are included for a wide range of polymer types, applications, and failure modes, as well as best practice guidelines enabling engineers to apply these lessons to their own work. Detailed images and their appropriate context are presented for reference in failure investigations. This text is vital for engineers who must determine the root causes of failure when it occurs, helping them further study the ramifications of product liability claims, environmental concerns, and brand image. |
| Contents |
Front Cover -- Fractography in Failure Analysis of Polymers -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivations -- 1.2 What Is Fractography? -- 1.3 Plastic Material Structure-Property Relationship -- 1.4 Components of a Failure Investigation -- References -- 2 Fractography as a Failure Analysis Tool -- 2.1 Failure Analysis Fundamentals -- 2.1.1 Causes Versus Mechanisms -- 2.1.2 Primary Versus Secondary Causes -- 2.1.3 Types of Root Causes -- 2.1.4 Defects Versus Imperfections -- 2.1.5 Deficiencies in Design and Material Selection -- 2.2 The Scientific Method -- 2.2.1 Deductive Versus Inductive Reasoning and Fallacies -- 2.3 Application of the Scientific Method -- 2.3.1 Multidisciplinary Approach -- 2.3.2 The Litigation Standard -- 2.4 The Role of Fractography in Failure Analysis -- References -- 3 Instrumentation and Techniques -- 3.1 Field or Site Instrumentation and Techniques -- 3.1.1 Information Gathering -- 3.1.2 Visual Inspection for Product Specific Information -- 3.1.3 Visual ("Naked Eye") and Photographic Techniques -- 3.1.4 Field Microscopy -- 3.1.5 Photogrammetry and Digitization -- 3.2 Microscopic Examination of Fracture Surfaces in a Laboratory -- 3.2.1 Optical Microscopy -- 3.2.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 3.2.2.1 Environmental SEM -- 3.3 Consideration and Selection of Instruments in Failure Analysis -- 3.4 Summary -- 3.5 Regulatory Agencies -- References -- 4 Fractography Basics -- 4.1 Fracture Surface Features and Interpretation -- 4.1.1 What Failure Characteristics Are Normally Associated with This Material? -- 4.1.2 What Is the Location and Nature of the Fracture Origin? -- 4.1.3 Is the Fracture Surface Brittle or Ductile-How Ductile? -- 4.1.4 Is the Fracture Surface Smooth or Rough, Dull or Glossy? |
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4.1.5 Is Stress Whitening Present Anywhere on the Fracture Surface? -- 4.1.6 What Is the Nature of Striations and Other Marks on the Fracture Surface-Was the Fracture Fast or Slow? -- 4.1.7 Do the Mating Halves of the Fracture Show the Same Crack Direction? -- 4.1.8 Is the Crack Straight or Curved? -- 4.1.9 Are There Branches, Bifurcations, or T-Junctions of the Crack in the Part? -- 4.1.10 Are Both SCG and Fast Fracture Areas Present on the Fracture Surface? -- 4.1.11 Is There Any Foreign Material or Chemical Evident on the Surface? -- 4.2 Brittle Versus Ductile Failures in Polymers -- 4.2.1 Plane Stress and Plane Strain -- 4.2.2 Cautions -- 4.3 Crack Path Analysis -- 4.4 Fracture Features -- 4.4.1 Fracture Origin(s) -- 4.4.2 Mirror Zone -- 4.4.3 Mist Region -- 4.4.4 Rib Markings/Beach Marks -- 4.4.5 Hackles -- 4.4.6 River Patterns or River Markings -- 4.4.7 Wallner Lines -- 4.4.8 Fatigue Striations -- 4.4.8.1 Fatigue Crack Growth Versus SCG -- 4.4.9 Conic or Parabolic Markings -- 4.4.10 Ratchet Marks or Ledges -- 4.5 Application of Fractography to Failure Analysis -- References -- 5 Long-Term Failure Mechanisms in Plastics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Creep -- 5.3 SCG/Creep Rupture -- 5.4 Environmental Stress Cracking -- 5.4.1 Differentiating SCG/Creep from ESC -- 5.5 Aging, Degradation, and Surface Embrittlement -- 5.6 Summary -- References -- 6 Case Studies -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Organization of Case Studies -- 6.3 Case Study 1: Composite Crossbow -- 6.3.1 Background -- 6.3.2 Techniques/Analysis -- 6.3.3 Conclusions -- 6.4 Case Study 2: Showerhead Bracket -- 6.4.1 Background -- 6.4.2 Observations -- 6.4.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.4.4 Conclusions -- 6.5 Case Study 3: Polycarbonate Axle Caps -- 6.5.1 Background -- 6.5.2 Observations -- 6.5.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.5.4 Conclusions -- 6.6 Case Study 4: Hot Water Heater Drain Valve -- 6.6.1 Background. |
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6.6.2 Techniques and Analysis -- 6.6.3 Conclusions -- 6.7 Case Study 5: PEEK Coupling -- 6.7.1 Background -- 6.7.2 Observations -- 6.7.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.7.4 Conclusions -- 6.8 Case Study 6: Icemaker Valve Failure -- 6.8.1 Background -- 6.8.2 Inspection -- 6.8.2.1 Lab Examination -- 6.8.2.2 Laser Scan of Guide Plates -- 6.8.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.8.4 Conclusions -- 6.9 Case Study 7: Automotive Part, ABS -- 6.9.1 Background -- 6.9.2 Techniques -- 6.9.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.9.4 Conclusions -- 6.10 Case Study 8: Seat Belt -- 6.10.1 Background -- 6.10.2 Techniques -- 6.10.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.10.4 Conclusions -- 6.11 Case Study 9: Automotive Part, PC/ABS -- 6.11.1 Background -- 6.11.2 Techniques -- 6.11.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.11.4 Conclusions -- 6.12 Case Study 10: CPVC Cover Plate -- 6.12.1 Background -- 6.12.2 Techniques -- 6.12.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.12.4 Conclusions -- 6.13 Case Study 11: XLPE Storage Tank for Sulfuric Acid Storage -- 6.13.1 Background -- 6.13.2 Techniques -- 6.13.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.13.4 Conclusions -- 6.14 Case Study 12: Oxidation Failure of HDPE Pipe in Water Service -- 6.14.1 Background -- 6.14.2 Techniques -- 6.14.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.14.4 Conclusions -- 6.15 Case Study 13: Washing Machine Hose Failure -- 6.15.1 Background -- 6.15.2 Observations -- 6.15.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.15.4 Conclusions -- 6.16 Case Study 14: Polyacetal Crimp Fittings -- 6.16.1 Background -- 6.16.2 Techniques -- 6.16.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.16.4 Conclusions -- 6.17 Case Study 15: PVC Water Main -- 6.17.1 Background -- 6.17.2 Techniques and Analysis -- 6.17.3 Conclusions -- 6.18 Case Study 16: SAN Battery Cases -- 6.18.1 Background -- 6.18.2 Observations -- 6.18.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.18.4 Conclusions -- 6.19 Case Study 17: Flame-Retarded Thermoformed PPE-PS -- 6.19.1 Background -- 6.19.2 Techniques -- 6.19.3 Failure Analysis. |
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6.19.4 Conclusions -- 6.20 Case Study 18: 8-in. PVC Pipe -- 6.20.1 Background -- 6.20.2 Techniques -- 6.20.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.20.4 Conclusions -- 6.21 Case Study 19: Railcar Part, PPE+PS, 20% Glass Filled -- 6.21.1 Background -- 6.21.2 Techniques -- 6.21.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.21.4 Conclusions -- 6.22 Case Study 20: 48-in. HDPE Pipe -- 6.22.1 Background -- 6.22.2 Techniques -- 6.22.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.22.4 Conclusions -- 6.23 Case Study 21: HDPE Liner Pipe Used in a High-Pressure Steel Pipeline -- 6.23.1 Background -- 6.23.2 Mechanical Testing -- 6.23.3 Failure Analysis -- 6.23.4 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Epilogue -- 7.1 Failure Prevention -- Index. |
| Subject |
Polymers.
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Fractography.
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Failure analysis (Engineering)
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Polymers |
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Equipment Failure Analysis |
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Polymères.
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Fractographie.
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Analyse des défaillances (Ingénierie)
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polymers.
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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Engineering (General)
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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Reference.
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Failure analysis (Engineering)
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Fractography
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Polymers
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| Added Author |
Edwards, Dale B., author.
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Shah, Anand R., author.
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| ISBN |
9780323297998 (electronic bk.) |
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0323297994 (electronic bk.) |
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9780323242721 |
| Standard No. |
AU@ 000054929239 |
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CHBIS 010547865 |
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CHNEW 001012884 |
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CHVBK 341788376 |
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DEBBG BV043216368 |
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DEBSZ 451526139 |
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DEBSZ 48237487X |
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NLGGC 401013871 |
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