| Description |
1 online resource : illustrations (black and white, and color). |
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text txt rdacontent |
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computer c rdamedia |
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online resource cr rdacarrier |
| Note |
Includes index. |
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Print version record. |
| Contents |
Intro -- Essentials of Flow Assurance Solids in Oil and Gas Operations: Understanding Fundamentals, Characterization, Prediction, En... -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Oil and Gas Production Operations and Production Fluids -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. What is petroleum? -- 1.3. How was petroleum formed? -- 1.3.1. The biogenic theory of formation of petroleum -- 1.3.2. Abiogenic theory of formation of petroleum -- 1.4. Life cycle of oil and gas fields and stages of development -- 1.4.1. Exploration -- 1.4.2. Drilling -- 1.4.3. Completion -- 1.4.4. Production -- 1.4.4.1. Primary recovery -- 1.4.4.2. Secondary recovery -- 1.4.4.3. Enhanced oil recovery -- 1.4.4.4. Crude oil and gas processing -- 1.4.4.5. Produced water treatment -- 1.4.5. Workover/recompletion -- 1.4.6. Eventual abandonment -- 1.5. The production system -- 1.6. Production system parameters -- 1.6.1. Pressure -- 1.6.2. Temperature -- 1.6.3. pH -- 1.6.4. Flow rate -- 1.6.5. System design -- 1.7. Production fluids -- 1.7.1. Hydrocarbons -- 1.7.1.1. Natural gas -- 1.7.1.1.1. Natural gas composition and properties -- 1.7.1.1.2. Classification of natural gas -- 1.7.1.2. Condensate -- 1.7.1.2.1. Condensate composition and properties -- 1.7.1.3. Crude oil -- 1.7.1.3.1. Crude oil composition -- 1.7.1.3.2. Physical properties of crude oil -- 1.7.1.3.3. Classification of crude oils -- 1.7.1.4. Hydrocarbon analysis methods and techniques -- 1.7.2. Water -- 1.7.2.1. Origins of produced water -- 1.7.2.2. Chemical composition of produced water -- 1.7.2.3. Physical properties of produced water -- 1.7.2.4. Water analysis methods and techniques -- 1.7.3. Phase behavior of petroleum fluids -- 1.7.3.1. Phase behavior of hydrocarbon systems -- 1.7.3.2. Phase behavior of water-hydrocarbon system -- 1.8. Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Flow Assurance -- 2.1. Introduction. |
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2.2. The concept of fluid flow -- 2.3. Pressure drop -- 2.4. Factors affecting pressure drop -- 2.4.1. Wellbore pressure drop -- 2.4.2. System design and installations -- 2.4.3. Friction -- 2.4.4. Surface roughness -- 2.4.5. Fluid properties -- 2.4.6. Temperature -- 2.4.7. Gravity forces -- 2.4.8. Fluid flow regimes -- 2.4.9. Solid particle transport and deposition -- 2.5. The flow assurance concept -- 2.6. Fluid dynamics -- 2.6.1. Multiphase flow regimes -- 2.6.1.1. Gas-liquid and liquid-liquid flow regimes -- 2.6.1.2. Solid-fluid flow regimes -- 2.6.2. Computational fluid dynamics -- 2.7. Production chemistry -- 2.7.1. Solid deposits -- 2.7.2. Emulsions -- 2.7.2.1. Emulsification mechanism -- 2.7.2.2. Types of emulsions -- 2.7.2.3. Emulsion control methods -- 2.7.3. Sludge -- 2.7.4. Petroleum foams -- 2.7.5. Corrosion -- 2.7.5.1. Corrosion mechanisms -- 2.7.5.2. Forms of corrosion -- 2.7.5.3. Corrosion control -- 2.7.6. Oilfield microbiology -- 2.7.7. Reservoir souring -- 2.7.8. Production chemicals -- 2.7.9. Complexity of production chemistry problems -- 2.8. Flow assurance strategy -- 2.8.1. Sampling -- 2.8.2. Analysis -- 2.8.3. Modeling -- 2.8.4. Management strategy -- 2.8.5. Monitoring and improvement -- 2.9. Flow assurance case studies -- 2.10. Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Problems Associated With Flow Assurance Solids in Production -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Where do deposits form in a production system? -- 3.3. The cost of solids formation and deposition -- 3.4. Flow restrictions -- 3.4.1. Formation damage -- 3.4.2. Production tubular flow restrictions and blockages -- 3.4.2.1. Pressure drop due to solids transportation and interactions -- 3.4.2.2. Pressure drop due to changes in surface roughness -- 3.4.2.3. Pressure drop due to changes in conduit dimensions -- 3.5. Equipment impairment and failure. |
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3.5.1. Heat transfer equipment impairment and failure -- 3.5.2. Pumps impairment and failure -- 3.5.3. Separation equipment impairment and failure -- 3.5.4. Flowmeter impairment and failure -- 3.5.5. Valve impairment and failure -- 3.5.6. Sand control equipment impairment and failure -- 3.6. Production chemistry problems induced by solids deposition -- 3.6.1. Emulsion stabilization by solids -- 3.6.2. Corrosion problems -- 3.6.3. Microbial activity -- 3.7. Safety and environmental problems -- 3.8. Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Principles of Flow Assurance Solids Formation Mechanisms -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. What is a solid deposit? -- 4.3. Types of solid deposits in oil and gas fields -- 4.4. Precipitation vs deposition -- 4.5. Mechanism of formation of solid deposits -- 4.5.1. Step (1) supersaturation -- 4.5.1.1. Supersaturation in aqueous solutions -- 4.5.1.2. Supersaturation in molecular solutions -- 4.5.1.3. Factors affecting supersaturation -- 4.5.2. Step (2) nucleation -- 4.5.2.1. Types of nucleation -- 4.5.2.2. Nucleation theories -- 4.5.2.3. Homogeneous nucleation -- 4.5.2.4. Heterogeneous nucleation -- 4.5.2.5. Rate of nucleation -- 4.5.2.6. Induction time -- 4.5.2.7. Secondary nucleation -- 4.5.2.8. Gas hydrate nucleation -- 4.5.2.9. Wax nucleation -- 4.5.2.10. Asphaltenes nucleation -- 4.5.2.11. Naphthenate nucleation -- 4.5.2.12. Factors affecting the nucleation -- 4.5.3. Step (3) crystal growth -- 4.5.3.1. Crystal growth theories -- 4.5.3.2. Crystal growth rate -- 4.5.3.3. Factors affecting crystal growth -- 4.5.4. Step (4) adhesion -- 4.5.4.1. Particles motion and transport -- 4.5.4.2. Attachment -- 4.5.5. Step (5) aging -- 4.5.5.1. Aging of mineral scales -- 4.5.5.2. Aging of organic deposits -- 4.5.5.3. Factors affecting aging -- 4.6. Fouling -- 4.7. Recent advances in solid deposit formation mechanism research. |
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4.8. Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Mineral Scales in Oil and Gas Fields -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Calcium carbonate scale -- 5.2.1. Mechanism of calcium carbonate formation and its polymorphs -- 5.2.2. Factors affecting the formation of calcium carbonate scale -- 5.2.2.1. Effect of pH -- 5.2.2.2. Effect of pressure -- 5.2.2.3. Effect of temperature -- 5.2.2.4. Effect of dissolved salts -- 5.2.2.5. Effect of metal ions -- 5.2.2.6. Effect of alkalinity -- 5.2.2.7. Effect of bacteria -- 5.2.2.8. Effect of fluid dynamics -- 5.2.2.9. Geochemical interactions -- 5.3. Calcium sulfate scale -- 5.3.1. Mechanism of calcium sulfate scale formation and its polymorphs -- 5.3.2. Factors affecting precipitation of calcium sulfates -- 5.3.2.1. Effect of Temperature -- 5.3.2.2. Effect of pressure -- 5.3.2.3. Effect of dissolved salts -- 5.3.2.4. Effect of pH -- 5.4. Barium sulfate scale -- 5.4.1. Mechanism of barium sulfate scale formation -- 5.4.2. Factors affecting the formation of barium sulfate scale -- 5.4.2.1. Effect of temperature -- 5.4.2.2. Effect of pressure -- 5.4.2.3. Effect of dissolved solids -- 5.4.2.4. Effect of sulfide scale deposits -- 5.4.2.5. Effect of fluid hydrodynamics -- 5.5. Strontium sulfate -- 5.5.1. Mechanism of strontium sulfate scale formation -- 5.5.2. Factors affecting the formation of strontium sulfate scale -- 5.5.2.1. Effect of temperature -- 5.5.2.2. Effect of dissolved salts -- 5.5.2.3. Effect of pressure -- 5.5.2.4. Effect of turbulence -- 5.6. Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) -- 5.6.1. Radioactive decay and naturally occurring radionuclide (NOR) formation -- 5.6.1.1. Thorium and uranium NORs -- 5.6.1.2. Radium NORs -- 5.6.1.3. Radon NORs -- 5.6.1.4. Lead NORs -- 5.6.2. Factors affecting the formation of NORM scale -- 5.7. Iron compound scales -- 5.7.1. Sources of iron ion in production fluids. |
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5.7.2. Iron carbonate scale -- 5.7.2.1. Mechanisms of iron carbonate scale formation -- 5.7.2.2. Factors affecting the formation of iron carbonate scale -- 5.7.2.2.1. Effect of temperature -- 5.7.2.2.2. Effect of pressure -- 5.7.2.2.3. Effect of pH -- 5.7.2.2.4. Effect of water cut -- 5.7.2.2.5. Effect of dissolved ions -- 5.7.2.2.6. Effect of organic acids -- 5.7.3. Iron sulfide scale -- 5.7.3.1. Mechanisms of iron sulfide scale formation -- 5.7.3.2. Iron sulfide compounds and polymorphs -- 5.7.3.3. Factors affecting the formation of iron sulfide scale -- 5.7.3.3.1. Effect of temperature -- 5.7.3.3.2. Effect of pressure -- 5.7.3.3.3. Effect of pH -- 5.7.3.3.4. Effect of flow rate -- 5.7.4. Mixed iron sulfides-iron carbonate scales -- 5.7.5. Iron oxides, iron hydroxides, and iron oxy-hydroxides -- 5.7.5.1. Formation of iron oxygen compounds under aerobic conditions in the absence of H2S/CO2 -- 5.7.5.2. Formation of iron-oxygen compounds under aerobic conditions in the presence of H2S/CO2 -- 5.7.5.3. Formation of iron-oxygen compounds under anaerobic conditions, in the absence of H2S/CO2 -- 5.7.5.4. Formation of iron-oxygen compounds under anaerobic conditions in the presence of H2S/CO2 -- 5.7.5.5. Formation of iron oxides/hydroxides by bacteria -- 5.7.5.6. Factors affecting the formation of iron oxides/hydroxides -- 5.7.6. Mill scale -- 5.8. Zinc and lead sulfide scales -- 5.8.1. Mechanism of zinc and lead sulfide scales formation -- 5.8.2. Factors affecting the formation zinc and lead sulfide scales -- 5.8.2.1. Effect of temperature -- 5.8.2.2. Effect of pH -- 5.8.2.3. Effect of Dissolved solids -- 5.8.2.4. Effect of pressure -- 5.8.2.5. Mixing incompatible fluids -- 5.9. Halite scale -- 5.9.1. Mechanism of halite scale formation -- 5.9.2. Factors affecting halite deposition -- 5.9.2.1. Effect of temperature -- 5.9.2.2. Effect of pressure. |
| Subject |
Oil fields -- Production methods.
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Fluid dynamics.
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Gisements pétrolifères -- Production -- Méthodes.
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Dynamique des fluides.
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Fluid dynamics
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Oil fields -- Production methods
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| Other Form: |
Print version: Hussein, Abdullah. Essentials of flow assurance solids in oil and gas operations. Amsterdam : Gulf Professional Publishing, 2022 9780323991186 (OCoLC)1346306888 |
| ISBN |
9780323991186 |
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0323991181 |
| Standard No. |
AU@ 000072883126 |
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