Cover; Contents; Contributors; Abbreviations; Foreword; Section 1 Understanding intra-abdominal hypertension: what to worry about?; Chapter 1 What is intra-abdominal pressure?; Introduction; (Very) brief history of IAP; The abdominal wall; Basics of fluid physics -- all about pressure; The relation between IAP and IAV -- compliance and elastance; Key points; Further reading; Chapter 2 Definitions; Introduction; Background; Definitions; Definition 1 -- IAP; Definition 2 -- abdominal perfusion pressure (APP); Definition 3 -- filtration gradient (FG).
Definition 4 -- units of measurements and referenceDefinition 5 -- reference standard; Definition 6 -- normal IAP; Definition 7 -- IAH; Definition 8 -- IAH grades; Definition 9 -- ACS; Definition 10 -- primary ACS; Definition 11 -- secondary ACS; Definition 12 -- recurrent ACS; The future of the definitions; Key points; Further reading; Chapter 3 Principles of IAP management; Measure IAP at the end of expiration; IAP is (usually) measured in the bladder; IAP can be measured through routes other than the bladder; IAP can be measured with fluid-filled or air-filled systems.
IAP should be measured against a reference levelInstillation of fluid in the bladder is required; The temperature of the instillation fluid should be controlled; The patient's body position is important; Supine versus semi-recumbent position; Prone position; Other positions; The effect of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on IAP; Key points; Further reading; Chapter 4 Systems available to measure IAP; Introduction; Clinical estimation of IAP; Measurement of IAP is safe; Measurement of IAP is reproducible; Routes for IAP measurements; Transvesicular route; Transgastric route.
Alternative routesModalities of IAP measurements; Available methods for IAP measurement; Intermittent IAP measurement; Transvesicular: FoleyManometerTM or Uno-Meter Abdo-PressureTM; Transvesicular: Harahill method; Transvesicular: AbViserTM IAP Monitoring Kit; Transvesicular: Bard IAP® Monitoring Device; Transvesicular: Biometrix; Transvesicular: PreOx IAP Adapter; Transgastric: gastric tube or Collee method; Transgastric: gastric balloon method; Continuous IAP measurement; Continuous transvesicular IAP measurement; Continuous IAP monitoring -- CiMON (Pulsion Medical Systems).
The IAP-Catheter and IAP-Monitor (Spiegelberg)Key points; Further reading; Chapter 5 Pitfalls of IAP monitoring; Introduction; The pitfalls; Pitfalls related to the patient; Positioning of the patient; The awake patient; Intra-abdominal space-occupying lesions; Obesity; Children; Pitfalls related to the measurement technique; Zero reference level; Gastric route; Infusion volume; Infusion temperature; Frequency of IAP measurement; Pitfall specific to the kit used; Pitfalls related to the interpretation of data; Key points; Further reading.
Note
Section 2 Underlying predisposing conditions: when to worry?
Summary
Practical clinical handbook reviewing all aspects of the diagnosis and management of intra-abdominal hypertension; essential reading for all critical care staff.
