Anal canal : anatomy, physiopathology and diagnosis / Michele Grande -- Chemical sphincterotomy / Giovanni Milito, Federica Cadeddu -- Botulinum toxin and anal fissure / Oliver Jones -- Current surgical management / Herand Abcarian and Jason W. Allen -- Postoperative complications after treatment for chronic anal fissure / Federica Cadeddu -- Anal fissure : treatment options in particular cases / Stefano D'Ugo ... [and others] -- Conservative and surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure : longer-term results from our prospective database / Pierpaolo Sileri ... [and others].