Introduction -- Part I. Structure and strategy -- A theory of international economic structures -- Structure, the state, and trade strategy -- Part II. American trade strategy -- Free riding on free trade, 1887-1897 -- British decline and American opportunism, 1897-1912 -- The politics of opportunistic accommodation, 1912-1930 -- Protection, retaliation, and response, 1930-1939 -- Conclusion -- Appendix : relative labor productivity : definitional and operational considerations.