Front Cover; Advances in Bioenergy; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Chapter One: Foam Formation in Anaerobic Digesters; Abbreviations; 1. What Is Foam?; 1.1. Definition of Foam; 1.2. Surface-Active Compounds; 2. Methods for the Determination of Foaming Causes; 2.1. Bubbling (Gassing Up) Method; 2.2. Leipzig Foaming Test; 2.3. Detection of the Surface Tension; 3. Causes of Foaming; 3.1. Effect of Abiotic Parameters; 3.2. Effect of Substrates; 3.2.1. Sewage Sludge in WWTP; 3.2.1.1. Foam-Forming Filamentous Microorganisms; 3.2.1.1.1. M. parvicella; 3.2.1.1.2. N. amarae.
3.2.2. Renewables3.2.2.1. Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste; 3.2.2.2. Waste Oils and Fats; 3.2.2.3. Sugar Beet; 3.2.2.4. Coarse Grain; 3.3. Effect of Organic Loading Rate; 4. Foam Formation in Full-Scale Anaerobic Digesters; 4.1. Frequency of Foaming in Full-Scale Anaerobic Digesters; 4.2. Consequences of Excessive Foaming in Anaerobic Digesters; 5. Measures Against Foaming; 5.1. Mechanical Measures; 5.2. Defoamers; 5.2.1. Mode of Action; 5.2.2. Defoamers for Biogas Plants; 5.3. Buffering Substances; 5.4. Substrate Pretreatment; 5.4.1. Feed Sludge Pretreatment in WWTP.
5.4.2. Sugar Beet Pretreatment5.4.3. Grain Pretreatment; 6. Conclusion; 7. Outlook for Further Research; References; Chapter Two: Catalytic Conversion of Biogas to Syngas via Dry Reforming Process; 1. Introduction; 2. DRB Reaction Chemistry; 3. Catalyst System for DRB Reaction; 3.1. Noble Metal Catalysts; 3.2. Carbide Catalysts; 3.3. Co-Based Catalysts; 3.4. Ni-Based Catalysts; 3.5. Bimetallic Catalysts; 3.5.1. Ni-Co Catalysts; 3.5.2. Ni-Pt Catalysts; 3.5.3. Ni-Pd Catalysts; 3.5.4. Ni-Rh Catalysts; 3.5.5. Ni-Au Catalysts; 3.5.6. Co-Noble Metal Catalysts; 3.5.7. Ni-Fe Catalysts.
4. Catalyst Deactivations4.1. Influence of Impurity in Biogas; 4.2. Carbon Deposition Mechanism; 4.3. Ways to Suppress Carbon Deposition; 5. Kinetics of DRB Reaction; 5.1. Overview of Kinetics for DRB Reaction; 5.2. Generally Used Kinetic Models; 5.2.1. Power Law Model; 5.2.2. ER Model; 5.2.3. LH Model; 6. Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter Three: Phosphorus Removal and Recovery From Anaerobic Digestion Residues; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Importance of Phosphorus Removal and Recovery for the Anaerobic Digestion Industry; 1.2. Importance of P Recovery for Food-Energy-Water Nexus.
2. General Framework for P Removal and Recovery From AD Residues2.1. Effects of AD Process on P Release From Organic Wastes; 2.2. A General Procedure for P Removal and Recovery From AD Residues; 3. Physiochemical Treatments; 3.1. Solid-Liquid Separations; 3.2. Membrane-Based Treatments; 3.3. Coagulation With Iron or Aluminum; 3.4. Sorption and Adsorption; 3.5. Ion Exchange; 4. Biological Treatments; 4.1. Enhanced Biological P Removal; 4.2. Fungi; 4.3. Algae; 4.4. Constructed Wetlands; 4.5. Bioelectrochemical Systems; 5. Thermal and Thermochemical Treatments.
