The Crusades: what was their justification / Thomas Fuller -- Motives of the Crusaders / Edward Gibbon -- Papal proclamation of the Crusade / Dana Carleton Munro -- The Crusade and the Eastern Churches / August C. Krey -- The Pope's plan for the Crusade / Frederic Duncalf -- The recovery of the Holy Land / Louis Brehier -- Popular response to the Crusade / Paul Rousset -- The appeal of the Crusade to the poor / Norman Cohn -- The clergy, the poor and the non-combatants on the First Crusade / Walter Porges -- The Crusade as a holy war / J.J. Saunders -- The Crusade and European expansion / Hilmar C. Krueger -- The Crusade and the Eastern question / A.S. Atiya -- The Crusades: crowning glory of the Middle Ages / Thomas A. Archer and Charles L. Kingsford -- The Crusades: a military failure / Arnold J. Toynbee -- The Crusades: a moral failure / Sir Steven Runciman -- The Crusades: the victory of barbarism / Edward Gibbon -- The Crusades: the victory of idealism / Louis Brehier.
