Title Vascular challenges in skull base surgery Paul A. Gardner, MD, Professor and Peter J. Jannetta Endowed Chair, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Co-Director, Center for Cranial Base Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, Carl H. Snyderman, MD, MBA, Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Co-Director, Center for Cranial Base Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, Brian T. Jankowitz, MD, Associate Professor, Director, Cerebrovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA